Information iceberg

Equipment qualification is an essential part of quality assuring the analytical data on which our knowledge of the sample rests. The importance of this data to information iceberg is illustrated in Figure 6. There are several approaches commonly employed. 

In a sense, the information we receive, if we only have the order to rely on, is like the tip of an iceberg. Only a small proportion of the total iceberg is visible above the surface. Likewise the order cycle time (i.e. the required response time from order to delivery) may only be the visible tip of the information iceberg (see Figure 4.5). 

Although containing only four chapters, this book really represents the tip of the iceberg for fundamental research in these areas. Utilizing the information clearly disseminated in these pages, many other researchers can build and improve upon their own fundamental and applied group 13 science. 

The applications described in this second part of the chapter are intended to illustrate the wide range of uses for NIR in the chemical industry. The selection of examples was intentionally limited to work done within industry and published in the open literature in order to keep the focus on work that has demonstrated business value. However, it has been the authors experience that for every industrial NIR application published in the open literature there are at least two others practiced as trade secrets for business reasons. This is especially true for on-hne applications that have progressed beyond the feasibility stage, since the NIR results can reveal a great deal of information about the chemical process itself - information which industry managers are often reluctant to share. Pubhshed industrial applications should therefore be considered merely the tip of the iceberg. 

The major chaUenge for an (electrochemical) NA biosensor is the full exploration of the massive amount of information that is buried in the totality of the genomes of mammalian species. Currently, only the very tip of the genetic iceberg is revealed and a vast amount of effort has to be invested to finaUy make the best out of the technology for health science and chnical diagnosis and medica-hon. Figure 1.17 visuahzes the analyhcal task for electrochemical NA sensors and assays. 

Acquiring Information Find out what differences exist between icebergs in the Northern Hemisphere and in the Southern Hemisphere. 

Finally, it seems likely that the enzymes discussed in this chapter represent only the tip of the iceberg in terms of the breadth of reactions catalyzed by enzymes containing di- and trinuclear metal centers. The explosion of information on protein sequences due to completion of the various genome projects and increasingly sophisticated bioinformatics and molecular biology techniques are likely to result in a dramatic increase in the number and kinds of such systems in the near future. 

Click on the UNEP icon over Greenland to get information on the retreating Helheim glacier. This contains two photos to compare. Click on Iceland s UNEP icon to see an overlay in a box and get an overlay photo to show iceberg calving. Click on Further information to get more detailed information and pictures. This can also be viewed on a Google map on the UNEP website na.rmep.net/... 

NMR Spectra of fiuoropolymers provide abundant structural information from the many NMR interactions presented in these systems. For the many possibilities of performing multidimensional/multipulse/multiple-resonance NMR experiments, we have only presented here the tip of the iceberg. Taking care of all the spin interactions to properly implement multipulse NMR techniques can be extremely challenging yet very necessary. The need for the information provided from advanced NMR experiments makes the efforts worthwhile. 

The First Officer of the Titanic ordered Hard a-starboard right after he was informed of the iceberg which ran completely contrary to accepted procedure. The action was much more likely to cause collisions than to prevent them (Ward, 2012). It is relevant to the energy-barrier model, HRO theory and resilience engineering. The frantic action of the First Officer can be explained by the ability to respond in resilience engineering and preoccupation with failure and sensitivity to operations of mindfulness in HRO theory. It influenced and weakened the barrier of spot iceberg and avoid collision . 

One can (simplistically) divide road users into four groups, arranged in a pyramid (Fignre 6.4). At the base are the majority who comply with laws and informal norms almost all the time. Next are those who also want to comply but occasionally transgress, nsually withont serious intent. Then there are those who fairly regnlarly and quite deliberately break the rules but can be deterred if probability of detection is sufficiently raised. Finally, the tip of the iceberg comprises the small minority who don t give a and have no desire to comply. 

Rationale. Information on real accidents and incidents, whether or not they actually caused damage, provides the opportunity to learn about actual problems and to improve safety. Figure 12.2 illustrates the iceberg of incident statistics. 

---