Inflammatory nature

Gautam R, Jachak SM. (2009) Recent developments in anti-inflammatory natural products. Med Res Rev 29 767-820. 

Caribbean coral Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae discovered by Fenical et al. [47], Pseudopterosin E, Fig. (3) is the one with the best pharmacological profile, combining low toxicity and potent antiinflammatory activity. In human neutrophils, pseudopterosin E inhibits degranulation and formation of Ieukotrienes [2], In 1991, phase I clinical trials were initiated with pseudopterosin E as a topical anti-inflammatory agent. Recently, novel anti-inflammatory natural products have been isolated from this Caribbean soft coral [48,49], Japanese researchers reported the isolation of a group of compounds designated helioporins A-E, which are related to the pseudopterosins [1],... 

Kwok, B.H. et al., The anti-inflammatory natural product parthenolide from the medicinal herb Feverfew directly binds to and inhibits IkappaB kinase, Chem. Biol., 8, 759, 2001. 

Mayer, A. M. S., Jacobson, P. B., Fenical, W., Jacobs, R. S., and Glaser, K. S., Pharmacological characterization of the pseudopterosins novel anti-inflammatory natural products isolated from the Caribbean soft coral, Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae, Pharmacol. Lett., 62, 401, 1998. 

Kwok BHB, Koh B, Ndubuisi MI, Elofsson M, Crews CM (2001) The anti-inflammatory natural product parthonlide from the medicinal herb ferverfew directly binds to and inhibits IkB kinase. Chem Biol 8 759-766... 

Increased levels of ROS due to oxidative stress have been consistently found in cardiovascular diseases as atherosclerosis or hypertension [18]. There is certain evidence that the free radicals involved in Parkinson s disease are mainly due to the production of increased levels of free radicals during oxidative metabolism of dopamine [19]. Oxidative stress, manifested by protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation (LP), among other alterations, is a characteristic of Alzheimer s disease [20] and in the pathogenesis of diabetes related complications. Treatment with antioxidants seemed to be a promising therapeutic option for these diseases [21], The inflammatory nature of rheumatoid arthritis implies that a state of oxidative stress may also exist in this disease [22,23]. Also, free radicals have a certain role in Huntington s disease [24,25], age related degeneration [26], and some autoimmune disorders [27],... 

The inflammatory nature of this pamphlet and the concern of the local residents was further exacerbated by a "study" by Dr. Beverly Paigen, of Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) in February 1979, urging the evacuation of families in light of her study suggesting a high rate of birth defects. 

Normal blood vessels are made up of many different cell types, including smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. The situation is even more complex in atherosclerotic vessels due to the inflammatory nature of the disease, so that cell types, such as T-lymphocytes and macrophages, are also present in large numbers. Thus, proteomic analysis of intact vessels, particularly if the study is designed to investigate differential protein expression in diseased and normal vessels, is very challenging. 

Immunomodulatory Agents. For many years some practitioners treated severe dry eye with topical steroids although anecdotal evidence was plentiful as to the benefit of this therapeutic strategy, it was not universally accepted because of a lack of understanding of the inflammatory nature of dry eye disease. Now, steroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents are much more frequently used in the treatment of dry eye, particularly at initial diagnosis. 

Mayer AMS, Jacobson PB, Fenical W, Jacobs RS, Glaser KB. 135. Pharmacological characterization of the pseudopterosins novel anti-inflammatory natural products isolated from the Caribbean... 

Chronic inflammation is associated with nonspecific BHR and induces asthma exacerbations. Exacerbations are characterized by symptoms or worsening of asthma over a period of days or even weeks. Although the inflammatory nature of chronic asthma is not completely nnderstood, corticosteroids remain the most potent anti-inflammatory drugs for use in the treatment of asthma. 

As a result of the inflammatory nature of asthma and the risk of toxicities from corticosteroids, a number of the drugs with antiinflammatory or immunomodulatory activity such as hydroxychloroquine, dapsone, gold, intravenous gamma-globulin, cyclosporine, and colchicine have been studied in severe steroid-dependent asthma with mixed results. ... 

Further analysis indicated that the chemokine was expressed by unstimulated human and murine breast cancer cell lines [30, 40-48]. In line with the inflammatory nature of the chemokine, its release by the tumor cells was shown... 

Erythema nodosum presents a typical clinical picture. There are multiple tender subcutaneous nodules of inflammatory nature mainly on the lower parts of the legs and occasionally in other sites such as the arms, the trunk, or the external ear. Fever, leukocytosis, and a rise in ESR accompany the acute skin lesions, which usually subside within 2-3 weeks, although they may recur and may become chronic. 

Fig. 17.6a-c. Abscess involving ovaries and sigmoid colon. Three consecutive CT scans (a-c) in and above the acetabular level in a 36-year-old woman with pelvic pain and leukocytosis. A multiseptate cystic lesion (arrow) with perilesional fat stranding is identified lateral of the uterus (a, b) involving the left adnexa and sigmoid colon. The tiny spot of free air (small arrow) is highly specific of the inflammatory nature of this process (b)... 

P.G. was one of the group and the constable heard him jeer at another officer and make personal observations including the remark, Look at freckles. This sort of remark might not have been taken much notice of in normal circumstances, but because of the inflammatory nature of the occasion, it assumed much greater proportions. Things could snowball very rapidly. ... 

ElSohly H, Little T Jr, ElSohly M (1990) Canniprene a prototype anti-inflammatory natural product. Planta Med 56 662... 

The anti-inflammatory nature of NSAIDs is widely attributed to their action of inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins. Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase... 

Prostaglandins - In spite of the accumulating evidence for the pro-inflammatory nature of prostaglandins (see Modes of Action), FGE. and P6E, have been shown to have antlarthrltlc properties when given s.c. to rats at dally doses of about 1 mg/rat. Glenn and Rohloff have suggested ... 

---