Industry codes, practices, and standards

Industry Codes, Practices and Standards Government Codes, Rules and Regulations Organization ot Technical Content Introduction... 

This chapter introduces the basic items of design and specification for the principal systems and components of an electrical industrial installation. Electrical supply systems are discussed with regard to interface with the supply authorities and the characteristics. Salient features of switchgear, transformers, protection systems, power factor correction, motor control equipment and standby supplies are identified and discussed together with reference to the relevant codes of practice and standards. The equipment and systems described are appropriate to industrial plant installations operating at typically 11 kV with supply capacities of around 20MVA. 

In addition to customer requirements there may be industry practices, national standards, company standards, and other sources of input to the design input requirements to be taken into account. You should provide design guides or codes of practice that will... 

TABLE 17.2.1 Major Organizations Providing Codes and Standards, Recommended Practices, Design Criteria, or Guidelines for Equipment in Chemical and Allied Industry Process Plants... 

In most cases. Codes of Practice or British Standards should be applied as appropriate. A few industrial and commercial gas appliances have relevant British Standards and these should take precedence over codes that are more general and standards. These include ... 

BS 5720 1979 Mechanical ventilation and air conditioning in bnildings. Code of practice, British Standards Institntion, Milton Keynes H VCA, Commercial and Light Industrial Refrigeration. Guide to Good Practice, HVCA, 1984... 

Design-based, or prescriptive, standards, however, specify the materials and design for components, subsystems, and systems that are covered by the standard. An example of such standards are those found in the ASME s Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, which specify the materials, design, fabrication, installation, testing and inspection, and operation and maintenance that boilers and pressure vessels must meet. Such prescriptive standards are common for stationary components and systems that must be approved by state and local code officials. Most of these requirements are based on historical practice and safety experience and have served the affected industries well. 

Designers of emergency pressure relief systems should be familiar with the following list of regulations, codes of practice, and industry standards and guidelines in the United States. 

Established Practices Codes, standards, regulatory requirements, industry guidelines, recommended practices, and supplier specifications have all developed over the years to embody the collective experience of industry and its stakeholders in the safe handling of specific materials. These should be the engineer s first resource in seeking to design a new facility. 

Hydrocarbon processing facilities pose severe risks with respect to fire, explosions and vessel ruptures. Among the prime methods to prevent and limit the loss potential from such incidents are the provisions of hydrocarbon inventory isolation and removal system. These systems are commonly referred to in the petroleum industry as ESD (emergency shutdown) and depressuring or blowdown. Although most standards and practices acknowledge the need for depressuring capabilities the exact determination of their requirement is not wholly defined. NFPA fire codes and standards rarely mention the subject. 

Information on fire protection codes and standards are available from several sources, including the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), the Society of Fire Protection Engineers (SFPE), the Eire Suppression Systems Association (ESSA), and the American Petroleum Institute (API). Jurisdictions that provide requirements for fire protection include federal, state, and local agencies. This Guideline bridges the regulatory requirements and industry standards with practical application and provides ... 

The laboratory shall identify the inputs that affect the design and development of the laboratory processes and facihtate their effective and efficient performance. Inputs are defined from external as well as internal needs and expectations. External inputs are drawn from customers, suppliers, users of the laboratory output, statutory and regulatory requirements, international or national standards, industry codes of practice etc. Internal inputs are drawn from policies and objectives, needs and expectations of people, technological development, past experience etc. 

The EU has approved Council Directive No. 92/28/EEClO (of 31 March 1992, now consolidated as Articles 86 to 100 of Directive 2001/83/EC) on the advertising of medicinal products for human use, thus bringing Member States into line with common requirements and standards. The UK regulations have been amended to comply with the Directive. The Directive, Part IV of the UK Medicines Act 1968 as amended by the Advertising Regulations, and the ABPl Code of Practice for the Pharmaceutical Industry are broadly in line with one another. The commentary below on promotion relates primarily to the United Kingdom. While there have been some moves towards the international harmonisation of controls on promotion, these have had only a limited effect, despite the fact that in Europe, Member States all comply with Directive 92/28. 

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