Industrial tributyl phosphate

Amyl alcohol and diethyldisulfide are used to improve the properties of a defoaming formulation for the removal of acidic components from natural gas [11]. The mixture contains 35% to 50% by weight tributyl phosphate and 20% to 25% by weight amyl alcohol. The rest, diethyldisulfide, is an industrial waste. 

Organophosphate Ester Hydraulic Fluids. Organophosphate ester hydraulic fluids are used in applications that require a degree of fire resistance such as in aircraft. EPA (1992b) has noted that aircraft mechanics may have dermal exposures of 1,300-3,900 mg/day and that 2,200 aircraft workers are routinely exposed to tributyl phosphate, while another 43,000 mechanics may be exposed at various times. Estimates of worker exposure in other industries were not found in the available literature. General population and military personnel exposure to organophosphate ester hydraulic fluids is likely to be much lower than exposure to mineral oil hydraulic fluids because these fluids have more specialized uses. 

Fuel. The nuclear fuel cycle starts with mining of the uranium ore, chemical leaching to extract the uranium, and solvent extraction with tributyl phosphate to produce eventually pure uranium oxide. If enriched uranium is required, the uranium is converted to the gaseous uranitim hexafluoride for enrichment by gaseous diffusion or gas centrifuge techniques, after which it is reconverted to uranium oxide. Since the CANDU system uses natural uranium, I will say no more about uranium enrichment although, as I m sure you appreciate, it is a major chemical industry in its own right. 

ACGIH Tributyl phosphate. Documentation of the TLVs and BEIs, 6th ed, pp 1600-1601. Cincinnati, OH, American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 1991... 

Stieglitz, L. 1971. Investigation on the nature of degradation products in the system 20 vol.-% tributyl phosphate-dodecane-nitric acid. I. Enrichment of complexing products and infra-red study. Proceedings of the International Solvent Extraction Conference, 19-23 April, Society of Chemical Industry London, Vol. I, 155-159. 

Some of these W-based catalysts could be transformed into insoluble salts for example, the phosphotungstate-pyridinium salt in a toluene-tributyl phosphate (4 3) solvent mixture [328]. In this solvent the pre-catalyst is insoluble, but upon reaction with H2O2 it gives the catalytically active W-peroxo complex, which is soluble. The catalytic action is then performed under homogeneous conditions and, at the end of the reaction, H2O2 being completely consumed, the precatalyst precipitates and can be easily filtered off and recovered. The method is smart, but from an industrial point of view the separation and recovery is costly. 

Relatively Httle is known about industrial organophosphates, such as triphenyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, and tris(chloropropyl) phosphate. These compounds are used as plasticizers and flame retardants and are likely to reach the marine environment. Six organophosphates were detected in the water of Osaka Bay in concentrations ranging from 0.1 pg/1 to 1.3 pg/1. The compounds tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate and tributyl phosphate were the most abundant [144]. 

Materials used in the atomic energy industry are liable to decomposition by radiation the y-radiation products from tributyl phosphate, for example, include dibutyl and monobutyl phosphate and small quantities of hydrogen, methane and ethane. 

Variants of the Purex (Pu-U Reduction Extraction) process are the most widely used plutonium-reprocessing schemes worldwide. Purex on the industrial scale began at the US Savannah River Plant in 1954 and replaced the Redox process at the Hanford works in 1956 every country that has produced significant quantities of plutonium has exploited the method. In Purex, the organic extractant is tributyl phosphate (TBP). In addition to optimum com-plexation properties for nuclear analytes of interest, TBP has a low aqueous solubility and is chemically and radiolytically stable. The density of TBP (0.98 g/cm ) is so close to that of water that it is common to dilute it in a lower density solvent. It is completely miscible with common organic solvents (e.g., kerosene, n-dodecane) at ordinary temperatures. 

Codding, J.W, WO. Haas, Jr., and F.K. Heumarm. 1958. Tributyl phosphate-hydrocarbon systems. Organizing equilibrium data. Schenectady, NY Knolls Atomic Power Lab. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 50 145-152. 

Schulz, W.W., J.D. Navratil, and Bess Teresa. 1987. Science and Technology of Tributyl Phosphate. Vol. 2, Part A. Selected Technical and Industrial Uses. Boca Raton, FL CRC Press. 

The primary industrial extractants in use for the separation of rare earths by solvent extraction are di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (HDEHP), tributyl phosphate (TBP), carboxylic acids, and amines. Many other extractants have been examined and reported in the literature in the search for improving the extraction and separation of individual rare earths. This chapter discusses several of these extractants for their interesting chemistry and potential future development, in addition to the available industrial extractants now in use and proposed for the separation of rare earths. 

The third approach to metal extraction uses oxygen-containing solvents like TBP (tributyl phosphate, (Bu0)3P0). Widely adopted in the extraction of many radioactive metals in the nuclear industry, this technique may be illustrated for uranium extraction in the presence of nitrate ions in the aqueous phase by... 

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