Industrial geographic spread

Worldwide, industrial gases generates annual revenues of approximately USD 40 billion1 , with a geographic spread roughly reflecting the distribution of industrial activity Europe and North America each account for about one third of the revenues, Asia for another quarter. 

An overview of the most important normalisation institutes in the field of biodegradable materials is given in Table 5.1, including name, address, geographical spread and membership structure. Mostly these institutes work on a voluntary basis on the initiative of industry. In many instances however, the originally voluntary industry standards are... 

Australia has a population of only 18 million people, spread geographically over an area similar to that of the mainland USA. The chlor-alkali industry in Australia is small by world standards and has a product mix unique in being aligned neither with chlorinated solvents nor the vinyl chain. The chlorine/caustic soda balance is heavily skewed towards caustic use in the alumina industry however, none of the locally produced caustic soda reaches this market. This has resulted in an industry limited by outlets for the chlorine half of the ECU and based on a relatively large number of small plants scattered across the country to serve localised chlorine market needs. Australia remains a large importer of caustic soda to fill the gap between local manufacture and demand, primarily for the alumina industry. 

CSR operationalization is not a simple task a global pharmaceutical company may employ over 50,000 people in as many as 100 countries. To move this workforce spread across operating units of the firm throughout many diverse geographic markets requires a multi-year commitment of the corporate board to implement it. It is partially for this research that the industry s efforts to act more responsibly are largely unknown outside the firm. Added to this problem of visibility is that individual companies have little identity per se - their products may be known but very little corporate visibility exists with patients and other stakeholders. 

Where credit exposure is spread across geographic and industry sectors, the risk associated with localised events or problems in any individual sector will be much reduced. Where concentrations do exist, it is important to understand the underlying factors that will affect the performance of those loans. 

Implementing a behavioral safety process in an organization that has many geographically disperse locations is a particular challenge. At the time of the assessment, this gas pipeline company had five divisions, each with a division office and multiple compressor stations spread across the pipeline from south Texas to New York. Each station had between 10 and 60 employees. In addition, the company had a very good safety record. It was routinely either the best or in the top two or three of comparable companies within the industry. 

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