Indirect Development

The indirect development approaches are less invasive and include assessing suppliers, communicating recommendations, setting performance goals, and instilling competition through goal attainment. The buyer may use the communication process and/or market forces to achieve performance improvements. 

Indirect supplier development does not require the buyer to become actively involved in the supplier s processes, and it relies more on the buyer s coercive and non-coercive powers than on collaborative joint actions. The suppUer is motivated by its desire not to lose the buyer s business, especially if the buyer possesses significant market power. It responds by improving quality, cost, and fulfillment through a better management of time, labor, inspection, and sourcing. Wagner (2010) outlines six initiatives for indirect development of suppliers, as shown in Table 4.2. 

Information exchange The buyer supplies product or process related information without specifying any actions on the part of suppliers 

Recommendation The buyer suggests a specific supplier action for improving performance 

Request The buyer asks the supplier to act without motioning any subsequent positive or negative sanctions 

---

Article III prohibits the member nations from helping other states or organizations—directly or indirectly—develop a BW capacity, thus serving as a nonproliferation measure. 

As a result, many of the individuals entering the workforce will have years of experience with interactive and dynamic learning methods indirectly developed. They have experiences not found in the past generations and may be extremely well versed in use of electronic media. Education and training must be creative and take into account this skill level of the audience. Be imaginative in your choice of methods and materials, and ensure that you use all internal and available external resources. 

While the buyers might apply indirect or direct supplier development to different suppliers in the above supplier portfolio, the indirect supplier development initiatives usually serve as the key enablers of direct supplier development (Krause et al. 2000). Therefore, the buyer should first attempt to apply the indirect development options, before engaging in direct supplier development activities. This would... 

Stenolaemata, mainly fossils, are marine bryozoans currently represented by only a handful of species in the order Cyclostomatida. Individuals are tubular and without an operculum, calcified and generally white the larvae have a very simple structure and indirect development. The niunber of species is unknown because of considerable morphological variability, which may lead to confixsion. 

The Institute has many-year experience of investigations and developments in the field of NDT. These are, mainly, developments which allowed creation of a series of eddy current flaw detectors for various applications. The Institute has traditionally studied the physico-mechanical properties of materials, their stressed-strained state, fracture mechanics and developed on this basis the procedures and instruments which measure the properties and predict the behaviour of materials. Quite important are also developments of technologies and equipment for control of thickness and adhesion of thin protective coatings on various bases, corrosion control of underground pipelines by indirect method, acoustic emission control of hydrogen and corrosion cracking in structural materials, etc. 

Note that the sums are restricted to the portion of the frill S matrix that describes reaction (or the specific reactive process that is of interest). It is clear from this definition that the CRP is a highly averaged property where there is no infomiation about individual quantum states, so it is of interest to develop methods that detemiine this probability directly from the Scln-ddinger equation rather than indirectly from the scattering matrix. In this section we first show how the CRP is related to the physically measurable rate constant, and then we discuss some rigorous and approximate methods for directly detennining the CRP. Much of this discussion is adapted from Miller and coworkers [44, 45]. 

The use of selectively reduced integration to obtain accurate non-trivial solutions for incompressible flow problems by the continuous penalty method is not robust and failure may occur. An alternative method called the discrete penalty technique was therefore developed. In this technique separate discretizations for the equation of motion and the penalty relationship (3.6) are first obtained and then the pressure in the equation of motion is substituted using these discretized forms. Finite elements used in conjunction with the discrete penalty scheme must provide appropriate interpolation orders for velocity and pressure to satisfy the BB condition. This is in contrast to the continuous penalty method in which the satisfaction of the stability condition is achieved indirectly through... 

The measurement of pK for bases as weak as thiazoles can be undertaken in two ways by potentiometric titration and by absorption spectrophotometry. In the cases of thiazoles, the second method has been used (140, 148-150). A certain number of anomalies in the results obtained by potentiometry in aqueous medium using Henderson s classical equation directly have led to the development of an indirect method of treatment of the experimental results, while keeping the Henderson equation (144). 

The indirect hydration, also called the sulfuric acid process, practiced by the three U.S. domestic producers, was the only process used worldwide until ICI started up the first commercial direct hydration process in 1951. Both processes use propylene and water as raw materials. Early problems of high corrosion, high energy costs, and air pollution using the indirect process led to the development of the direct hydration process in Europe. However, a high purity propylene feedstock is required. In the indirect hydration process, C -feedstock streams from refinery off-gases containing only 40—60 wt % propylene are often used in the United States. 

Electric-Arc Furnace. The electric-arc furnace is by far the most popular electric steelmaking furnace. The carbon arc was discovered by Sir Humphry Davy in 1800, but it had no practical appHcation in steelmaking until Sir William Siemens of open-hearth fame constmcted, operated, and patented furnaces operating on both direct- and indirect-arc principles in 1878. At that early date, the avadabiHty of electric power was limited and very expensive. Furthermore, carbon electrodes of the quaHty to carry sufficient current for steel melting had not been developed (see Furnaces, electric). 

Development of the Mooney viscometer gave compounders an indication of the processibiUty of different lots of the uncompounded polymer. This machine measures the torque resistance encountered by a rotor revolving in a chamber surrounded by polymer at a constant temperature. The resulting Mooney number describes the toughness of the polymer and is an indirect measure of molecular weight. 

---