INDEX specialty products

A number of other members of this class are also available, although not all are listed in the Colour Index. Their exact chemical and physical properties remain to be published. The list includes mixed phase pigments made of unsubstituted quinacridone with dimethylquinacridone or other substituted quinacridones. Recently mixed crystal phase pigments of two substituted quinacridones have been published [28]. These pigments are considered specialty products for automotive finishes, especially for metallic finishes. 

International Specialty Products. http //www.ispcorp.com/ products/pharma/index.html (accessed 31 May 2005). 

Potassium nitrate is being used increasingly on intensive crops such as tomatoes, potatoes, tobacco, leafy vegetables, citms, and peaches. The properties that make it particularly desirable for these crops are low salt index, nitrate nitrogen, favorable N K20 ratio, negligible CU content, and alkaline residual reaction in the soil. The low hygroscopicity of KNO (Table 9) leads to its use in direct appHcation and in mixtures. It is an excellent fertilizer but the high cost of production limits its use to specialty fertilizers. 

There are at least XXX) different intermediates in current manufacture (over half that number are specifically mentioned in the Colour Index). and in addition there is a comparatively small number of products manufactured by individual companies for their own specialties. 

Lubricants are formulated products composed of a base stock, which is either a mineral or synthetic oil, and various specialty additives designed for specific performance needs. Additive levels in lubricants range from 1 to 25% depending on the application. Synthetic base stocks are oligomers of small molecules, synthesized to a defined molecular weight. Important performance indicators include viscosity index which measures the viscosity index behavior over a temperature range, oxidative stability, and pour point. The performance of synthetic and mineral oils (Morse, 1998 Shubkin, 1993) is summarized in Table 2.7. 

The product of this polymerization is applied in specialty areas, such as the manufacture of recording tapes and toners for photocopiers. When styrene (St) and butylmethacrylate (BMA) are mixed in the molar ratio 1 1, the polymer formed is transparent and has a glass transition temperature of about 30°C. Figure 8.3 shows the two monomers. The conversion in this case is measured gravimetrically. The product was dissolved in THF, and a small amount of hydroquinone was added to inhibit further reaetion. The molecular weight distribution was determined by gel permeation ehromato-graphy (GPC) with two mixed columns of polymer laboratories. The detection method used was by reactive index. 

The product mix of autoclave and tubular reactors are similar in terms of LDPE homopolymers (0.910-0.935 g/cc) and some specialty grades of polyethylene such as ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers up to about 30 wt% vinyl acetate (VA). However, the autoclave process provides higher levels of vinyl acetate (40 wt%) in ethylene/VA copolymers and additional specialty grades of polyethylene such as ethylene/methyl acrylate, ethylene/acrylic acid and ethylene/n-butyl acrylate. Polyethylene molecular weight can be varied over a wide range with the high-pressure process, with Melt Index values (I ranging from 0.15 to 40. 

Along with these very large plants and the associated enormous investment in them, most of the chemical industry is characterized by high investment versus low labor components in the cost of manufacture. The National Industrial Conference Board statistics list the chemical industry as one of the highest in terms of capital investment per production worker. The investment per worker in a base petrochemicals olefins plant may well exceed a quarter of a million dollars. Once again, however, such an index covers a spectrum of operations, and for a profitable chemical specialties manufacturer the investment may be on the order of 25,000 dollars per worker. Employment in selected parts of the chemical industry is given in Table 1.5. 

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