INDEX metastatic

BALB/c mice were injected s.c. with 1 x 10 Meth A cells into the right flank on day 0 and i.v. rechallenged on day 9. The primary tumor was removed on day 11. CVS (50 mg/kg) was injected i.t into the primary tumor on day 3. Subcutaneous injections of CVS (150 mg/kg) were started from day 5. Metastatic foci and lung weight were measured on day 23 (14 days after the rechallenge tumor inoculation). Number of metastatic foci was evaluated as metastatic index (MI 0 no me-... 

Partin, A. W., Mohler, J. L. and Coffey, D. S. (1992). Cell motility as an index of metastatic ability in prostate cancers results with an animal model and with human cancer cells. In Therapy for Genitourinary Cancer (Lepor, H. and Lawson, R. K., eds.). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 121-130. 

B22. Bodansky, O., Serum phosphohexose isomerase in cancer. III. As an index of tumor growth in metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. Cancer 8, 1087-1114 (1955). 

Michaud LB, Gauthier AM, Wojdylo JR, et al. Improved therapeutic index with lower dose capecitabine in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients (Pts) (Meeting abstract). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2000 A402. 

Inhibitors of chemokine receptors are not only potential therapeutics against inflammatory diseases, but also cancer therapeutics. Recently, several studies reported that many cancer cell lines possess a high metastatic index via chemokine-mediated migration [20,21]. 

In a retrospective study including 46 patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer, Takamura et al. evaluated the significance of [ Tc]MIBI uptake in early and delayed images in predicting tumor response to chemotherapy with epirubicin and cyclophosphamide or docetaxel [87]. Before starting chemotherapy, the patients underwent a [ Tc]MIBI SPECT study. The parameters extracted from SPECT images were the tumor-to-nor-mal tissue ratios (T/N) of [ Tc]MIBI uptake at 10 min (early phase) and at 180 min (delayed phase) and the retention index (RI) was calculated as follows RI = (T/N(d))/(T/N(e)). After chemotherapy, tumor response was determined by clinical examination. 

Folic Acid Antagonists - Interest in antimetabolites that interfere with the synthesis of nucleic acids continues. Studies on the transport and uptake of methotrgxate ° and 2,4-diamino-5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-6-methylpyrimidine indicate that clinical response is related to cellular uptake of drugl and the resistance of certain cells to methotrexate appears to be due to lack of transport into these cells. Work on other resistant cell lines indicates that resistance can also be due to an increase in cellular content of folate reductase, but no correlation was observed between resistance and the level of other enzymes involved in folate metabolism. Despite these results there is evidence that the ability of methotrexate to kill cells cannot be entirely explained by its inhibition of folate reductase. Leucovorin at appropriately timed intervals improved the therapeutic index of methotrexate in the treatment of head and neck cancer, and lymphosarcoma and reticulum cell sarcoma. The use of methotrexate in the treatment of hormone-refractory metastatic breast carcinoma " and the use of intrathecal methotrexate also appear promising. Oxidation of methotrexate to 7-hydroxymethotrexate by liver aldehyde oxidase is probably a detoxification mechanism. Material previously reported to be tetrahydromethotrexate has now been found to be a mixture of di- and tetrahydromethotrexate, both of which are less effective than methotrexate in the inhibition of folate reductase, but more effective in the inhibition of thymidylate synthetase. ... 

In an effort to further improve the sensitivity of US in the detection of metastases, functional techniques have been applied. One such method is the Doppler perfusion index (DPI), which is based on the fact that arterialisation of the liver s blood supply occurs in metastatic disease at a very early stage before the lesions become visible on any imaging modality including lOUS. The cause of this is unclear it is likely to be due to some mediator excreted by the metastases. 

Adriamycin has an astonishingly higher chemotherapeutic index against solid tumours than anything known previously. It is used in the wards, quite effectively, in a wide range of sarcomas, in adenocarcinoma of the breast, carcinoma of the bladder, bronchogenic carcinoma, neuroblastoma, and metastatic thyroid carcinoma (Blum and Carter, 1974 Gottlieb and Hill, 1974). Its chief drawback is a toxic action on the heart which, it seems, can be avoided by chelation with iron (see Section 11.5). 

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