INDEX Finland

Heikkila, Anna-Mari. Inherent safety in process plant design. An index-based approach. Espoo 1999, Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT Publications 384.129 p. 

Conversely, in countries where the population is relatively small and where individual consumption of medicines is low and pharmaceutical industry investment is also low, the government is able to enforce low prices for medicines. These countries are typified by the Netherlands, Norway, Finland and Denmark. Sweden, where there is significant pharmaceutical research, is atypical of the rest of Scandinavia and the medicines price index and medicine consumption are approximately the European average. 

Some initial work on the development of an overall inherent safety index has been done at Loughborough University in the United Kingdom (26). Other, similar work has been done at VTT in Finland (27). Both indices are considered prototypes by the developers, and more work is needed. These proposed inherent safety indices evaluate a number of factors related to inherent safety, including ... 

Finland Sosiaali- ja terv mmisterid Mimstry of Sc l Affairs and Healtii STM httDr//www.5tm.ti esoince,Dl /stiDAadexJitx (in Finnish) http //www.stm.fi es(mrce.plix/ index.htx (in Ei lidi)... 

In a comprehensive report on worldwide studies of micronutrients and the nutrient status of soils, prepared for the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (Rome, Italy) and the Institute of Soil Science (Finland), Sillanpaa (1982) described the status of AAO-extractable Mo determinations. On a worldwide basis, determinations of AAO-extractable Mo have not been found to give a sufficiently reliable index of Mo availability to plants. 

Tuomisto J, Vartiainen T, Tuomisto JT (1999), Synopsis on Dioxins and PCBs, KTL (National Public Health Institute, Finland), Division of Environmental Health, Kuopio, Finland [freely available at http //www.ktlTi/dioxin/index.html]. 

Heikkila, A.-M., Inherent safety in process plant design—an index-based approach, Ph.D. thesis, VTT Automation, Espoo, Finland, 1999. 

Table 17.1 depicts nine reports on findings of increased lung cancer incidences and mortdities in both battery and smelter workers with elevated Pb exposures and one report derived from Pb exposure monitoring analysis. These cohorts and other subjects were from Britain, Finland, Italy, Sweden, and the United States. Pb exposures were indexed by actual environmental measurements in air or measurements of Pb in blood and urine. A job-exposure matrix approach was employed in part of one study using a nested case—control approach. 

Statistics Finland. (2006). Regional input-output tables. Description of statistics. Retrieved May 20, 2008, from http //www.stat.fi/til/apt/index.html. 

Finland - VTT - Technical Research Center of Finland http //www.vtt.fi/services/cluster3/topic3 7/index.jsp lang=en... 

R. Reis, and E. Chiellini). e-book. University of Oulu, Finland http //www.oulu.fi/spareparts/ebook topics in t e-Vol3 /index.html. 

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