Inclusion calixarene

Recent years have also seen the development of a variety of com-plexation reagents incorporating C-P bonds and their associated functionalities, such as phosphoryl linkages. For example, substituted calixarenes (Figure 1.4) have been developed for extraction of radionuclides, and phosphorus-derivatized cyclodextrins for stereospecific inclusion interactions. 

California Technical Bulletin 133 test, 11 459 Californium (Cf), 1 463—491, 464t electronic configuration, l 474t ion type and color, l 477t metal properties of, l 482t Caliper Life Sciences, 26 976 Calixarene(s), 2 209 24 35-36, 47 crystals of, 24 53 derivatives of, 24 37 inclusion compounds in, 14 165-166 lipophilic, 24 57... 

Figure 25. AH-TAS plot for inclusion complexation by cyclophanes and calixarenes.

Calixarenes A Versatile Class ofMacmcyclic Compounds, Vicens, J., Bohmer, V., Eds. Topics in Inclusion Science 3 Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht. The Netherlands, 1991. 

Recently, our own group has taken a different approach to the use of calixarenes and related macrocycles as anion hosts. Direct attachment of cationic transition metal fragments to the outside arene faces of the calixarene bowl transforms the ostensibly electron-rich cavity into one which is amenable for the inclusion of anionic species. 

CONTENTS Preface. George W. Gokel. Cryptophanes Receptors for Tetrahedral Molecules, Andre Collett, Jean-Pierre Dutasta and Benedict Lozach. Inclusion Polymerization in Steroidal Canal Complexes, Kiichi Takemoto, Mikiji Miyata. Functionalized Tetraazamacrocycles Ligands with Many Aspects, Thomas A. Kaden. Calixarenes as the Third Supramolecular Host, Seiji Shinkai, Kyushu University, Japan. Fluorescent Chemosensors for Metal and Non-Metal Ions in Aqueous Solutions Based on the Chief Paradigm, Anthony W. Czamik. Index. 

It should be stressed that there is not alwaysjustice in reseach evaluation. The selective formation of inclusion complexes by cyclodextrins (such as 11) was established by Cramer [6] at least 15 years earlier than that by crown ethers. However, cyclodextrin studies forming an independent branch of host-guest chemistry seem underestimated in spite of their considerably greater practical importance at present than that of other host macrocycles (crown ethers 17, calixarenes 18, etc.). Sometimes they are even totally neglected by discussing inclusion phenomena [7]. 

A Versatile Class of Macrocyclic Compounds, J. Vicens, V. Bohmer, Eds., Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1991, p. 65 G. D. Andreetti, F. Ugozzoli, Inclusion Properties and Host-Guest Interactions of Calixarenes in the Solid State, ibid., p. 87. 

Cavilaics include crown rnacroring inclusion compounds (coronates), cryptates, podates. cytlophane host inclusion compnunds. calixarene inclusion compounds, cyclodextrin and amylose inclusion compounds, cucurbituril inclusion compounds, molecular deft inclusion compounds, and anionic guest inclusion compounds. 

If a highly polarizable group is introduced into a receptor molecule, substrate binding should cause substantial perturbations, so that the recognition event would be converted into a non-linear optical signal. Such recognition-dependent nonlinear optical probes may be derived for instance from polyenes such as those shown in Figure 20, from inclusion complexes [8.94a] or from donor-acceptor calixarenes [8.94b]. 

Amalgamation of structural units typical of crowns and calixarenes has led to the development of calixpodands, calixcrowns, and calixspherands (55). Naturally they behave as cation complexants rather than inclusion hosts for uncharged molecules. 

Bott, S. G., Coleman, A. W., Atwood, J. L., Inclusion of both cation and neutral molecule by a calixarene - structure of the para leu Inily11neihoxycalix[4]aiene sodium loluene I cation.././Irn. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 1709-1710. 

Figure 6.5 Combination of a double calixarene koilartd (6.14) with a long, linear guest such as hexadiyne gives an inclusion polymer or koilate (two repeat units shown).4...

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