Incentives side effect

Fully degradable chemicals and pharmaceuticals avoid all these implications. Therefore, such an approach provides several incentives for manufacturers, users, and society as a whole. Such a new understanding would also regard low biodegradability after use as an unwanted side effect therefore, this would be an important aspect of pharmacovigilance [102]. 

Market failure The failure of the market to include in the price of a good the costs or benefits of an externality (a harmful or beneficial side-effect that occurs in the production, consumption or distribution of a particular good). Often, government policies in the form of regulations (such as standards, bans and restrictions on input use) and incentive-based mechanisms (such as taxes, subsidies and marketable permits) are implemented as corrective measures (Henrichsmeyer and Witzke 58). 

The effects of Work First are directed towards two main goals first, the prevention of entry into the welfare system, and second, the return to the labour market of the participants. Combining these effects will thus have a positive impact on the number of welfare claimants who will return to the labour market due to Work First. Nevertheless, Work First spurred some heated debates in the Netherlands since its introduction, mainly concerning its preventive effect. Many questions were raised concerning those individuals who chose not to make a welfare claim due to their obligatory participation in a Work First programme. However, these concerns were partially contained by the inclusion of employability services in the projects, so that projects would not only focus on the threat-effects they create, but also on their positive incentives side. 

C/OKE FORMATION IS AN UNDESIRABLE SIDE EFFECT of many chemical operations because it leads to costly decoking steps, reduced efficiency of operation, and increased rates of metal corrosion and erosion. There is, therefore, a tremendous incentive to minimize or at least better control coke deposition in numerous commercial units. 

Rasmussen stresses that most decisions are sound using local judgment criteria and given the time and budget pressures and short-term incentives that shape behavior. Experts do their best to meet local conditions and in the busy daily flow of activities may be unaware of the potentially dangerous side effects of their behavior. Each individual decision may appear safe and rational within the context of the individual work environments and local pressures, but may be unsafe when... 

Only one negative side effect has been identified so far, and that is the tendency of people to under-report accidents when incentive programmes are in effect. Fortunately, however, in a review of some 25 published reports on incentive programmes, such under-reporting has been found to occur with respect to minor accidents only (McAfee and Winn, 1989). 

Finkelstein (2004) examined whether and to what extent the demand-side incentives embodied in health policy affect the rate of technological change in the medical sector. Specifically, she estimated the effect on vaccine investment of three discrete changes in health policy that increased the return to developing vaccines against specific diseases. Two of these policies increased... 

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