In vivo rat model

In the third example, DIMS9054 but not DIMS9052 was able to reduce the rate of disease progression in the EAE in vivo rat model (Fig. 4) despite the fact that both DIMS have similar primary structures (see Notes 7, 13). 

The efficacy of exciting and collecting emission data from PEG hydrogel sensors implanted in an in vivo rat model was also assessed experimentally.115... 

Biotransformation of anisodamine in an in vivo rat model as well as in liver homogenates was analysed by LC-ESIMS/MS and is referred later on [6],... 

A series of synthetic flavones have been described [42] of which 7-methylsul-phonamido-3-propylflavone-4-carboxylic acid, (6), was the most potent, having an IC50 value of 1.3 x 10 " 7 M with calf lens AR. At 100 mg/kg per day for 2 days in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat, (6) lowered sorbitol levels in the sciatic nerve by 57%, and inositol levels by 28%. The route of administration was not specified. The same group have prepared the 3-methanesulphonyl derivative of quercitin, (7), and found it to inhibit calf lens AR with an IC50 value of 1.6 x 10 7 M, and in the same in vivo rat model used above [42], to lower sorbitol levels in the sciatic nerve by 41.2% at a dose of 100 mg/kg, again by an unspecified route of administration [43]. 

PCL Nonwoven scaffold TE SEM, in vivo rat model (Shin etal. 2004)... 

A subsequent experiment involved the analysis of gold nanoshell effectiveness as laser-tissue welding agents in in vivo rat models. The experiment was conducted on two 4—5 cm, fullthickness incisions made on the backs of twenty rats. For each rat, one incision was closed with the nanoshell-soldering technique while the other was closed with pol)q)ropylene sutures, which served as the control. On days 0,5,10,21, and 32, four rats (at each time point) were euthanized and incision areas were removed for mechanical testing and histological analysis. 

Barrientos-Duran, A., Carpenter, E.M., ZurNieden, N.I., Mahnin, T.I., Rodriguez-Manzaneque, J.C., Zanello, L.P., 2014. Carboxyl-modified single-wall carbon nanotubes improve bone tissue formation in vitro and repair in an in vivo rat model. Int. J. Nanomedicine 9, 4277 291. 

Sadowski, D. C., Meddings, J. B., Luminal nutrients alter tight-junction permeability in the rat jejunum an in vivo perfusion model, Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 1993, 73, 835-839. 

A group from La Jolla Pharmaceuticals has released data on their novel hydrazines in recent scientific [20,59,60] and patent literature [61,62], A series of arylallyl hydrazines (e.g., 8 and 9) were shown to be potent, irreversible inhibitors of rat and human SSAO/VAP-1 [59]. LJP-1207 (8, IC50 = 2nM, human) was evaluated in a series of in vivo inflammation models. Significant efficacy was observed in a mouse ulcerative colitis, mouse LPS-induced septic shock, and the rat carrageenan foot models [20], in a mouse model that resembles human multiple sclerosis [63], and in a transient forebrain ischemia model in estrogen-treated ovariectomized female rats [60]. 

There has been extensive debate and consideration on the relevance and value of the traditional long-term rodent bioassays. The FDA looked at rat and mouse studies for 282 human pharmaceuticals, resulting in the conclusion that sufficient evidence is now available for some alternative in vivo carcinogenicity models to support their application as complimentary studies in combination with a single two-year carcinogenicity study [emphasis added] to identify trans-species tumorigens (Contrera et al., 1997). 

Corvo ML, Boerman OC, Oyen WJ, et al. Intravenous administration of superoxide dismutase entrapped in long circulating liposomes. II. In vivo fate in a rat model of adjuvant arthritis. Biochim Biophys Acta 1999 1419 325. 

There are only a few reports on the efficacy of feverfew in an in vivo situation. Inhibition of collagen-induced bronchoconstriction in an in vivo guinea-pig model was demonstrated [56] and it was concluded that this was consistent with in vivo phospholipase A2 inhibition. In a rat model of experimentally induced nephrocalcinosis, parthenolide was shown to protect the rats against this condition. Inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis may have been the mechanism of action of parthenolide in this case, as prostaglandins are thought to be involved in nephrocalcinosis [57]. 

Figure 8 (A) In vitro permeability of candidate drug molecules in the presence of synergistic combinations of penetration enhancers (SCOPE) formulations. Open circles indicate passive skin permeability and closed circles indicate skin permeability in the presence of SCOPE formulations as a function of the molecular weight of the solute. (B) In vivo delivery of leuprolide acetate, a synthetic analogue of LHRH in hairless rat model, y-axis shows blood plasma concentration of leuprolide acetate as a function of time for control formulation (open circles) and SCOPE formulation (closed circles). Abbreviation-. LHRH, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone.

Conversely from what was found in the guinea pig, H3 receptors were not found in the rabbit colon (Pozzoli et al., 1997) either in vitro or in vivo experimental models In this regard, (R)a-methylhistamine, immepip, thioperamide and clobenpropit were unable to modify spontaneous motility and neurogenic contractions elicited by field stimulation. In these aspects, the rabbit resembles the rat- another rodent for which H3 receptors were not detected along the whole gastrointestinal tract. Preliminary experiments, carried out on human colonic specimens... 

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