In vitro and ex vivo studies

In vitro and ex vivo studies have shown that FATPs transport LCFAs and very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) but no medium-chain fatty acids, fatty acid esters, or lipid-soluble vitamins [4]. LCFA transport is inhibited by prior protease treatment. Synthetic substrates for FATPs include 14C-labeled fatty acids and the fluorescently labeled fatty acid analogue C1 -BODEP Y-Cl 2. Using the latter substrate, differences in fatty acid uptake kinetics between FATP expressing 3T3 LI adipocytes and 3T3 LI fibroblasts, which are devoid of FATPs, can be readily appreciated (Fig. 2). 

Ramassamy C, Christen Y, Clostre F, Costentin J. (1992). The Ginkgo biloba extract, EGb 761, increases synaptosomal uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine in-vitro and ex-vivo studies. J Pharm Pharmacol. 44(11) 943-45. 

Fuhrman, B. et al., Licorice extract and its major polyphenol glabridin protect low density lipoprotein against lipid peroxidation In vitro and ex vivo studies in humans and in atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 66, 267,1997. 

It is difficult to know if the results of the in vitro and ex vivo studies to date can be accurately extrapolated to in vivo systems.70 124 However, the work clearly demonstrates the subtlety and complexity of the interactions. In addition, it suggests that there is agreement between the phlorotannin-protein complexation that is observed at acid pH in vitro and the low assimilation efficiencies of phlorotannin-rich food observed in most acid gut species.25,34 120 121 124 An exception appears in herbivores where there is the strong likelihood that other factors mitigate or alter the effect of the acid environment on phlorotannin-protein complexes.25,35 49 56 124... 

In vitro and ex vivo studies of recombinant human variant of the BPI showed strong neutralizing activity against endotoxin and whole gram-negative bacterias (Weiss et al., 1992). 

R. Cini, D. Chindamo, M. Catenaccio, S. Lorenzini, E. Selvi, F. Nerucci, M. P. Picchi, G. Berti and R. Marcolongo (2001). Dissolution of calcium pyrophosphate crystals by polyphosphates an in vitro and ex vivo study. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 60, 962-967. 

It has to be remembered that the results of in vitro and ex vivo studies on the effect of n-3 LC-PUFA on LDL oxidation are equivocal. Many studies showed either no LDL oxidation under fish oil (27-32), or even a decrease in the rate and the extent of oxidation (33,34). These seemingly contradictory findings may be related to the methodology of measuring LDL oxidation, as well as to the actual variable chosen to evaluate LDL susceptibility. To what extent oxidative susceptibility of LDL measured ex vivo reflects oxidative susceptibility in vivo is unknown. 

N. Yui, K. Kataoka, and Y. Sakurai, In vitro and ex vivo studies on antithrombogenicity of polyether-segmented nylon 610 with crystalline-amorphous microstructure, in "Art cial Heart 2," T. Akutsu, H. Koyanagi, S. Takatani, and K, Kataoka, ed Springer-Verlag, Tokyo (1988). 

Vascular Protection by Wine Polyphenols In Vitro and Ex Vivo Studies. 2366... 

Mathieu L, Burgher F, Fosse C, Lati E, Hall A, Maibach HI. Advances in understanding NaOH Eye/ Skin penetration in vitro and ex vivo studies. Oral presentation at EAPCCT, Dubrovnik, May 2011. 

Fuhrman B, Buch S, Vaya J, Belinky PA, Coleman R, Hayek T, Aviram M. Licorice extract and its major polyphenol glabridin protect low-density lipoprotein against lipid peroxidation in vitro and ex vivo studies in humans and in atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Am J Clin Nutr 1997 66 267-275. Fuhrman B, Volkova N, Kaplan M, Presser D, Attias J, Hayek T, Aviram M. Antiatherosclerotic effects of licorice extract supplementation to hypercholester-olemic patients increased resistance of their LDL to atherogenic modifications, reduced plasma lipids levels, and decreased systolic blood pressure. Nutrition 2002 18 268-273. 

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