In pathology

The separation of proteins and peptides mixtures is the objective of protein biochemisdy. Albumin (Mr 66 000) concentration in a biological fluid (seaim, urine or cerebrbrospinal fluid) is assayed as markers for a series disease, such as nephritic syndrome or chronic glomuleronephritis. In diabetic patients the progression of microalbuminuria is accompanied by an increase in urinary concentrations of human semm albumen. In normal the excretion of albumin is 20 (tg/ml, in pathology - 20-200 p.g/ml. 

The elemental homeostasis is the particularity of total homeostasis of organism, the alteration of the parameters of this system may result in pathological changes. The liver is the organ where the detoxication processes take place. The elemental content of the liver may reflect the pathological processes which occur not only in the liver but also in the whole organism. 

The relative inaccessibility of physostigmine led to molecular dissection studies to define the parts of the molecule necessary for activity. A surprisingly simple derivative of m-hydroxy-aniline, neostigmine (40), proved to have the same activity as the complex heterocyclic molecule. In addition, this drug has found use as a cholinsterase inhibitor in pathologic conditions such as myasthenia gravis, marked by insufficient muscle tone. Reaction of m-dimethylaminophenol (37) witn pnosgene affords tne... 

Platelets play a central role in primary hemostasis. They are also important in pathological processes leading to thrombosis. Antiplatelet drugs are primarily directed against platelets and inhibit platelet activation by a number of different mechanisms. They are used for the prevention and treatment of thrombotic processes, especially in the arterial vascular system. 

The identification of COX-2 as the enzyme, responsible for the synthesis of PGs involved in pathology, led to the examination of the relative activities of the established NSAIDs on COX-1 and COX-2. Various test systems have been used for this puipose and it is now generally accepted that the whole... 

Ketosis, a metabohc adaptation to starvation, is exacerbated in pathologic conditions such as diabetes mellitus and ruminant ketosis. 

Astrocytes is Deregulated in Pathological Conditions With an Inflammatory Component... 

This section gives an overview of the known or suggested physiological effects of phytoestrogens as well as their relevance in pathologies affecting different human tissues and organs. Topics covered are ... 

The most extensive evidence that supports a role for free radicals in pathological conditions of the brain is provided by studies on experimental models of cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion. Although a burst of free-radical production occurs during the reperfusion phase after temporary cerebral ischaemia, the contribution of this radical burst to brain cell death can not be directly quantified. Perhaps the best way to quantify the contribution of free radicals to brain damage after ischaemia/ reperfusion is to assess damage after treatment with free-radical scavengers or antioxidants. Numerous studies have been reported where free-radical scavengers/ antioxidants have been used to try to ameliorate brain... 

We have been interested in studying the structure of the D6 chemokine receptor (7). This receptor has not, so far, been implicated in pathologies as prominent as those involving CCR5 and CXCR4. Nevertheless, it is structurally very similar to the other chemokine receptors and thus a three-dimensional structure of D6 would be an invaluable template that would facilitate the determination of the structure of other chemokine receptors. A major advantage of D6 over the other chemokine receptors is that it can be expressed to extremely... 

Dybowski, R. Gant, V. Artificial neural networks in pathological and medical laboratories. Lancet 1995,346,1203-1207. 

Platelets play a role in each of the mechanisms of normal hemostasis vasoconstriction, formation of the platelet plug, and blood coagulation. However, they are also involved in pathological processes that lead to atherosclerosis and thrombosis (formation of a blood clot within the vascular system). Antiplatelet drugs interfere with platelet function and are used to prevent the development of atherosclerosis and formation of arterial thrombi. 

During catabolic and anabolic processes, a renovation of the molecular cellular components takes place. It should be emphasized that the catabolic and anabolic pathways are independent of each other. Be these pathways coincident and differing in the cycle direction only, the metabolism would have been side-tracked to the so-called useless, or futile, cycles. Such cycles arise in pathology, where a useless turnover of metabolites may occur. To avoid this undesirable contingency, the synthetic and degradative routes in the cell are most commonly separated in space. For example, the oxidation of fatty acids occurs in the mitochondria, while the synthesis thereof proceeds extramitochondrially, in the microsomes. 

Th2 Involvement in Pathological Responses in Other Helminth Infections... 

Sugimura H. Detection of chromosome changes in pathology archives an application of microwave-assisted fluorescence in situ hybridization to human carcinogenesis studies. Carcinogenesis 2008 29 681-687. 

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