Microwave -assisted fluorescence

Sugimura H. Detection of chromosome changes in pathology archives an application of microwave-assisted fluorescence in situ hybridization to human carcinogenesis studies. Carcinogenesis 2008 29 681-687. 

The performance of microwave-assisted decomposition of most difficult samples of organic and inorganic natures in combination with the microwave-assisted solution preconcentration is illustrated by sample preparation of carbon-containing matrices followed by atomic spectroscopy determination of noble metals. Microwave-assisted extraction of most dangerous contaminants, in particular, pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, from soils have been developed and successfully used in combination with polarization fluoroimmunoassay (FPIA) and fluorescence detection. 

J. Gomez-Ariza, M.-A. Caro-de-la-Torre, I. Giraldez and E. Morales, Speciation analysis of selenium compounds in yeasts using pressurized liquid extraction and liquid chromatography-microwave-assisted digestion-hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta, 524(1-2), 2004, 305-314. 

Microwave Heat-Assisted Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization... 

Barra et al. [40] have described a microwave-assisted procedure based on atomic fluorescence for the quantitative determination of down to 0.006 xg/g of inorganic arsenic in soils. 

Other techniques that have been used to determine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil extracts include ELISA field screening [86], micellar elec-tr okinetic capillary chromatography [ 87], supersonic jet laser-induced fluorescence [88,89], fluorescence quenching [90], thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [81,90,100], microwave-assisted extraction [91], thermal desorption [92], immunochemical methods [93,94], electrophoresis [96], thin layer chromatography [95], and pyrolysis gas chromatography [35]. 

Link, D.D., H.M. Kingston, G.J. Havrilla, and L.P. Coletti. 2002. Development of microwave-assisted drying methods for sample preparation for dried spot micro-X-ray fluorescence analysis. Anal. Chem. 74 1165-1170. 

M. Vilano, R. Rubio, Determination of arsenic species in oyster tissue by microwave-assisted extraction and liquid chromatography-atomic fluorescence detection, Appl. Organomet.Chem., 15 (2001), 658-666. 

Yu et al. [31] gave the simple and microwave assisted synthesis of pyridinium salts (xxiv) consisting of long alkyl chains and benzimidazole moiety as a blue fluorescent gelators. 

Fig. 5.5. (A) Scheme of a flow digestion system and the principle of pressure equilibration A pressure reactor, B heating zone, C cooling zone, D digestion coil, E cooling device, F connection for gas supply, G restrictor tube, H collector vial, I temperature sensor, J high-pressure pump, K injection valve, L sample loop, M sample, N and O peristaltic pumps. (Reproduced with permission of the American Chemical Society.) (B) Manifold for dynamic microwave-assisted extraction I solvent, 2 pump, 3 microwave oven, 4 extraction chamber, 5 temperature set-point controller, 6 thermocouple, 7 fluorescence detector, 8 recording device, 9 restrictor, 10 extractor. (Reproduced with permission of Elsevier.)...

Most studies about the microwave-assisted extraction of PAHs from solid samples have been conducted using closed-vessel systems [12,214,226,236,239-246] and only a few with open-vessel focused microwave devices [57,247-252]. Because open-vessel systems operate at atmospheric pressure, the extraction vessel can be used as a reactor in order to perform on-line purification pretreatments of the total extracts (reagents can be readily added to the medium) [53] or directly introduce the extract into the determination instrument, as in the focused microwave-assisted extractor with on-line fluorescent monitoring of Fig. 5.10, which provides a matrix-independent approach to the extraction of PAHs [61]. 

K. K. Chee, M. K. Wong, H. K. Lee, Optimization of microwave-assisted solvent extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine sediments using a microwave extraction system with high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta. 330 (1996), 217. 

Heavy metals, boron (B(V)), arsenic and total phosphorus were determined in the fraction < 20 pm to improve the comparability of the results. This fraction was separated from the freeze-dried and non-milled samples by ultrasonic sieving (Ackermann 1980). Metals were analysed after microwave-assisted digestion with aqua regia at 180 °C in closed vessels by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (mercury) and hydride atomic absorption spectroscopy (arsenic). 

Garcia-Ayuso, L. E., Luque-Garcia, J. L., and Luque de Castro, M. D., Approach for independent-matrix removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from solid samples based on microwave-assisted Soxhlet extraction with on-line fluorescence monitoring. Ana/. Chem., 72, 3627-3634, 2000. 

The photochemical reactor used for microwave-assisted experiments is an essential tool for experimental work. Such equipment enables simultaneous irradiation of the sample with both MW and UV-visible radiation. The idea of using an electrodeless lamp, in which the discharge is powered by the MW field, for photochemistry was born half a century ago [53, 62]. The lamp was originally proposed as a source of UV radiation only, without considering the effects of microwaves on photochemical reactions. The first applications of EDL were connected with the construction of a high-intensity source of UV radiation for atomic fluorescence flame spectrometry [88-90]. 

Ren S, Bojdys MJ, Dawson R et al (2012) Porous, fluorescent, covalent triazine-based frrune-works via room-temperature and microwave-assisted synthesis. Adv Mater 24 2357-2361... 

Caballo-Lopez A and Luque de Castro MD (2003) Slurry sampling-microwave assisted leaching prior to hydride generation-pervaporation-atomic fluorescence detection for the determination of extractable arsenic in soil. Analytical Chemistry 75 2011-2017. 

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