In hyperthermia

Dewhirst MW (1994) Future-Directions in Hyperthermia Biology. International Journal of Hyperthermia 10 339-345. 

Head trauma, meningitis, childhood fevers, brain tumors, and degenerative diseases of the cerebral circulation are conditions often associated with the appearance of recurrent seizures that may require treatment with anticonvulsant drugs. Seizures also may be a toxic manifestation of the action of central nervous system (CNS) stimulants and certain other drugs. Seizures often occur in hyperthermia (febrile seizures are very common in infants) sometimes in eclampsia, uremia, hypoglycemia, or pyridoxine deficiency and frequently as a part of the abstinence syn-... 

Shinkai M, Suzuki M, Iijima S, et al. Antibody-conjugated magnetoliposomes for targeting cancer cells and their application in hyperthermia. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 1994 21 125-137. 

The middle cerebral artery occlusion model (MCAO) is commonly used in experimental focal cerebral ischemia. This technique causes hypothalamic injury resulting in hyperthermia, worsening outcome and possibly masking neuroprotective effects. Thus, careful temperature monitoring is needed in those preclinical studies. Recently, Gerriets et al. (10) introduced a new MCAO model that involves intraarterial embolizationusing macrospheres. Unlike the traditional MCAO suture model, this macrosphere model does not result in hyperthermia and yet provides reproducible infarcts. 

Moderate doses. Pyrogens increase IL-1, which in the hypothalamus —>T PGE2 formation — temperature set-point. ASA lowers it back to normal in hyperthermia (no effect normally and may 4 temperature in hypothermia). 

Finally, we mention several current applications somewhat outside of biochemistry in the usual sense. Thermography has slowly been coming to the fore. Many of the problems associated with the analysis of thermograms were treated at the Fifth International Symposium on Temperature (Plumb, 1972) in 1972 and new applications were discussed at the Sixth Symposium (Schooley, 1982) in 1982. Of perhaps more current interest is the greatly expanded interest in temperature measurement in hyperthermia and hypothermia. A recent New York Academy of Sciences conference has done an excellent job of reviewing this (Ann. N.Y. Acad., 1980). Cetas also wrote a general review of thermometry in this field (Cetas, 1968). Perhaps the most exciting new method in thermometry is that of optical fluorescence, which we described earlier. Catheters, whole-body scanners, etc., have been made for use with this method. At this point, 0.01°C is probably the least imprecision that can be obtained with the commercial instrument (Luxtron), with data obtained every 0.1 sec. Improvements are likely, however, as needs are made known to the company. 

The objective of this section was to present various theoretical frameworks that may be used to describe temperature distributions in normal and neoplastic tissues during hyperthermia. The emphasis in this review has been on the physical factors involved in hyperthermia. To this end, two approaches—distributed and lumped—were presented for modeling the thermal distribution between the normal and neoplastic tissues of various mammals. The theoretical considerations were summarized according to the method used for heating. Several important and not well-understood problems were pointed out in the text in the hope of stimulating interest in this multidisciplinary research. 

B. Complications. Agitation, especially if accompanied by hyperkinetic behavior and stmggling, may result in hyperthermia (see p 21) and rhabdomyolysis (p 27). 

B. Amantadine withdrawal, either after standard therapeutic use or in the days following an acute overdose, may result in hyperthermia and rigidity (similar to neuroleptic malignant syndrome see p 21). 

A. Muscular stiffness and painful cramps precede generalized muscle contractions and opisthotonus. The face may be drawn into a forced grimace ( sardonic grin, or risus sardonicus). Muscle contractions are intermittent and ate easily triggered by emotional or physical stimuli. Repeated and prolonged muscle contractions often result In hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis, myoglobinuria, and renal failure. 

Ultrasound is another non-invasive trigger that enables drug release from nanocarriers. Even though it is very promising, this application has not been extensively exploited to date. Exposure of a part of the body to ultrasound results in hyperthermia (which might also be useful for the release from the thermally responsive carriers described above) and high- and low-pressure... 

Heat shock proteins (HSP), encoded by heat shock genes in response to thermal stress are regarded as a complicating factor in hyperthermia, as these are implied in the development of transient thermotolerance and permanent heat resistance of cells.This would hamper the efficacy of the current thermotherapies. 

Magnetic nanoparticles have also been proposed for use in hyperthermia. Hyperthermia involves heating certain tissues or organs between 4HC and 46" C... 

Jain, R.K. Ward-Hartley, K. Tumor Blood How-Characterization, Modifications, and Role in Hyperthermia,Sonics and Ultrasonics, IEEE Transactions on,31(5)504- 525,1984. 

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