In a capillary tube

Apparent viscosity (greases) NFT 60-139 ASTM D 1092 Forced passage of the grease in a capillary tube... 

Since capillary tubing is involved in osmotic experiments, there are several points pertaining to this feature that should be noted. First, tubes that are carefully matched in diameter should be used so that no correction for surface tension effects need be considered. Next it should be appreciated that an equilibrium osmotic pressure can develop in a capillary tube with a minimum flow of solvent, and therefore the measured value of II applies to the solution as prepared. The pressure, of course, is independent of the cross-sectional area of the liquid column, but if too much solvent transfer were involved, then the effects of dilution would also have to be considered. Now let us examine the practical units that are used to express the concentration of solutions in these experiments. 

Another valuable property of mercury is its relatively high surface tension, 480.3 mN /m(= dyn/cm) at 0 °C, as compared to 75.6 mN /m for water. Because of its high surface tension, mercury does not wet glass and exhibits a reverse miniscus in a capillary tube. 

When heated in a capillary tube aconitic acid decomposes rather suddenly with vigorous gas evolution at a temperature which is highly dependent upon the rate of heating and the temperature at which the sample is introduced. In the literature melting points ranging from 182.5° iQ4-5° > 16 recorded. The uncrystallized aconitic acid, when introduced at 180° into a small bath provided with mechanical agitation and heated at the rate of 2-3° per minute, usually decomposed at 189-190°. The... 

If the curved surface is convex, as in the case of liquid drops, or the surface of mercury depressed in a capillary tube, p >p, but if it is concave, as in the case of a liquid ascending and wetting a capillary tube, r is negative and p [Pg.203]

Fig. 34a, b. Laminar flow in a capillary tube. The boundary layer is developing in (a), while it is fully developed in (b)... 

Chain degradation in turbulent flow has been frequently reported in conjunction with drag reduction and in simple shear flow at high Reynolds numbers [187], Using poly(decyl methacrylate) under conditions of turbulent flow in a capillary tube, Muller and Klein observed that the hydrodynamic volume, [r ] M, is the determining factor for the degradation rate in various solvents and at various polymer concentrations [188], The initial MWD of the polymers used in their experiments are, however, too broad (Mw/Iiln = 5 ) to allow for a precise... 

The height, h, of a column of liquid in a capillary tube can be estimated by using h = lylgdr, where y is the surface tension, d is the density of the liquid, g is the acceleration of free fall, and r is the radius of the tube. Which will rise higher in a tube that is 0.15 mm in diameter at 25°C, water or ethanol The density of water is 0.997 g-cm-3 and that of ethanol is 0.79 g-cm-3. See Table 5.3. 

Hetsroni G, Gurevich M, Mosyak A, Rozenblit R (2004) Drag reduction and heat transfer of surfactants flowing in a capillary tube. Int J Heat Mass Transfer 47 3797-3869... 

Hetsroni G, Gurevich M, Mosyak A, Rozenblit R (2003) Surface temperature measurement of a heated capillary tube by means of an infrared technique. Meas Sci Technol 14 807-814 Hetsroni G, Gurevich M, Mosyak A, RozenbUt R (2004) Drag reduction and heat transfer of surfactants flowing in a capillary tube. Int J Heat Mass Transfer 47 3797-3809 Hetsroni G, Mosyak A, Pogrebnyak E, Yaiin LP (2005) Eluid flow in micro-channels Int J Heat Mass Transfer 48 1982-1998... 

First we restricted ourselves to considering a particular case of flow in a capillary tube with q j = const. ((/ = 0). We also neglected the change of the capillary pressure through the changes of the contact angle, due to the motion of the meniscus. Accordingly we assume that / = 0 in condition (11.25). 

At realistic flow conditions cos 9 0 and

capillary flow in a capillary tube is unstable at large... 

The uncertainty involved in the calculation of the energy dissipation rate makes it difficult to compare experimental results reported by different researchers. For the same reasons, so far it has proved difficult to assess flow induced effects in different items of process equipment using the common basis of equal energy dissipation rate. For example. Fig. 14 shows the biological response of (SF-9) insect cells as a function of the energy dissipation rates in a capillary tube and in a mechanically stirred vessel [99]. In these plots the calcula-... 

The wetting ridge may also form in a capillary tube if the material has a sufficiently low Young s modulus (a few MPa). 

The form of the effective mobility tensor remains unchanged as in Eq. (125), which imphes that the fluid flow does not affect the mobility terms. This is reasonable for an uncharged medium, where there is no interaction between the electric field and the convective flow field. However, the hydrodynamic term, Eq. (128), is affected by the electric field, since electroconvective flux at the boundary between the two phases causes solute to transport from one phase to the other, which can change the mean effective velocity through the system. One can also note that even if no electric field is applied, the mean velocity is affected by the diffusive transport into the stationary phase. Paine et al. [285] developed expressions to show that reversible adsorption and heterogeneous reaction affected the effective dispersion terms for flow in a capillary tube the present problem shows how partitioning, driven both by electrophoresis and diffusion, into the second phase will affect the overall dispersion and mean velocity terms. 

M.p.s were usually determined in a capillary tube in a liquid bath, and those marked with an asterisk were measured on a hot-plate. = chloroform m = methanol w — water. 

Obtaining The Specimen. Up to this time, the assumption has been made that a specimen in a capillary tube has been presented to the laboratory of Neonatology for analysis. I would like to address myself now to the problem of obtaining a specimen. 

The spinning drop technique measures the shape of the oil drop in the flooding solution in a capillary tube. An automatic measuring system has been developed by combining a video-image analysis, an automatic recording system, and a computer for calculation of the interfacial tension [1865]. 

The method of hydrodynamic stability involves bringing two solutions of different concentrations into contact in a capillary tube, forming a stable and measurable concentration gradient. The diffusion coefficient is a function of the... 

It decomposes with a slight explosion in a capillary tube at 136°C. 

A tiny quantity exploded with the utmost force when strongly heated in a capillary tube. 

Capillary electrophoresis is an electrophoresis technique in which the mixture components are separated in a capillary tube and detected with an on-line detector after the separation occurs. The advantages include smaller quantity of sample and qualitative and quantitative analysis in a much shorter time. 

When the sum (1 IRi) + (1 /R2) is positive, as in a drop, the vapor pressure is greater than above a plane surface and when this sum is negative, as for a meniscus of a water column rising in a capillary tube, then px [Pg.44]

Figure 2. Experimental set-up for Raman spectroscopy. The desired laser line is isolated from other plasma lines by a narrow bandpass filter or broadband prism monochromator, then focused onto a sample in a capillary tube. A collecting lens placed at a 90° angle to the incident beam focuses the scattered light onto the entrance slit of a monochromator with output to a photomultiplier tube (in the case of a scanning instrument) or a diode array detector.

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