Improved Point Detection System

I W IMS IND IPDS IPE IR indications and warnings ion mobility spectrometry Investigational New Drug/Vaccine improved point detection system individual protective equipment infrared... 

Innova Photoacoustic Infrared Spectroscopy Innova Multigas Monitors, models 1312 and 1314 IPDS Improved Point Detection System JCAD Joint Chemical Agent Detector... 

Improved (Chemical Agent) Point Detection System (IPDS) This detection system is a new shipboard point detector and alarm that replaces the chemical Agent Point Detection System. This system can detect nerve and blister agent vapors at low levels and automatically provides an alarm to the ship. 

Improved chemical agent point detection system (IPDS). The IPDS also employs ion mobility spectrometry and is an improved version of a point detection system. In addition to G and VX nerve agents, the IPDS is designed to detect vesicant agent vapors. Because it is a shipboard instrument, it will be much larger and will need more power than portable IMS devices. 

IPDS Improved Chemical Agent Point Detection System... 

Advanced consumables are needed for avoiding complicated and costly optimization techniques and replacing them by direct CMP. Reduction in consumable consumption is also desired, as slurry and polishing pad costs alone account for more than 50% of COO. Better control and automation techniques are required for the improved stability of the polishing process, most important of which are more accurate and reliable end-point detection systems. Further improvements in throughput and post-CMP cleaning procedures as well as defect density reduction are also desired. 

WTW and RTR control of thickness are improved by the use of end-point detection systems and advanced process control. End-point detection, whether mechanical or optical, monitor the state of the wafer surface (film thickness, reflectivity, etc.) or of the entire polishing system (friction, slurry by products, etc.) in an attempt to predict when the desired amount of material has been removed (i.e., the end of process). End-point detection is most successful in processes where a change in the films on the wafer surface leads to an abrupt change in the optical or mechanical properties of the wafer surface. For example, copper CMP end point is easy to detect by optical means due to the large difference in reflectivity of the copper film compared to the barrier films. In contrast, end-point detection for small amounts of ILD removal is difficult due to the lack of change in the wafer surface or the wafer-pad interface. 

JBPDS The Joint Biological Point Detection System (JBPDS) is in development to replace and outperform the Army BIDS and Navy IBAD systems. It is planned to enter development of Block II in FY 2004. JBPDS comprises trigger, sampler, detection, and identification subsystems to meet Joint Operational Requirements Document (JORD) specifications. It is designed to be able to identify multiple BW agents in less than 15 minutes, at 1 ACPLA sensitivity, and have less than 2 percent error in identification." Generic UV laser-induced fluorescence detection capability (BAWS) improves system performance while reducing operations and support costs. 

The Karl Fischer procedure has now been simplified and the accuracy improved by modification to a coulometric method (Chapter 14). In this procedure the sample under test is added to a pyridine-methanol solution containing sulphur dioxide and a soluble iodide. Upon electrolysis, iodine is liberated at the anode and reactions (a) and (b) then follow the end point is detected by a pair of electrodes which function as a biamperometric detection system and indicate the presence of free iodine. Since one mole of iodine reacts with one mole of water it follows that 1 mg of water is equivalent to 10.71 coulombs. 

Screening in 96- or 384-well plate formats allows precise fitness measurements. The accuracy of the detection system, kinetic assays (in contrast to end point assays), the possibility to normalize activity values (e. g., using measured cell concentrations), and better control over cell growth and protein expression contribute to the improved... 

From the viewpoint of instrumentation development, the aim of optical detection systems of lab-on-a-chip is miniaturization, but under the premise that the detection sensitivity is maintained at a practical level. Therefore, we shall review the fluorescence detection on-chip from the points of view of improving sensitivity and miniaturization. 

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