Implode

The iaterpretation of the spectroscopy of SBSL is much less clear. At this writing, SBSL has been observed primarily ia aqueous fluids, and the spectra obtained are surprisiagly featureless. Some very interesting effects are observed when the gas contents of the bubble are changed (39,42). Furthermore, the spectra show practically no evidence of OH emissions, and when He and Ar bubbles are considered, continue to iacrease ia iatensity even iato the deep ultraviolet. These spectra are reminiscent of blackbody emission with temperatures considerably ia excess of 5000 K and lend some support to the concept of an imploding shock wave (41). Several other alternative explanations for SBSL have been presented, and there exists considerable theoretical activity ia this particular aspect of SBSL. 

When vapor bubbles eollapse inside the pump the liquid strikes the metal parts at the speed of sound. This is the elicking and popping noise we hear from outside the pump when we say that eavitation sounds like pumping marbles and roeks. Sound travels at 4,800 ft per second in water. The velocity head formula gives a elose approximation of the energy contained in an imploding cavitation bubble. Remember that implosion is an explosion in the opposite direction. 

In pump terminology, the approximate energy in an imploding cavitation bubble is 358,209 ft. To convert this energy into pressure ... 

Designing vessels for full vacuum eliminates the risk of vessel collapse due to vacuum. Many storage and transport vessels have been imploded by pumping material out with the vents closed. 

Consideration shonld also be given to the possibility that the flame arrester may ping, which conld prodnce a vacnnm condition in a low-pressnre tank when the tank is primped out, and implode (collapse) the tank. This may reqnire the installation of a vacnnm breaker or a pressnre-vacnnm conservation valve. If the tank contents are flammable and admission of air may resnlt in an ignitable mixture, it may be necessary to install an inert gas blanketing system on the tank, actuated by a pressnre controller, which would admit a sufficient flow of inerting gas when a vacnnm condition is detected. 

Any piece of equipment under pressure is a potential hazard and must be properly shielded. Shields of clear plastic, properly anchored, will often suffice. Vacuum has its problems too. More than one glass flask with an almost imperceptible fault has imploded under vacuum, with an effect much the same as an explosion. Here, too, shielding is recommended. 

The white paper would contain some cooperative directions and would focus on recommendations for dealing with future energy problems. After some photo sessions we left the Kremlin but none of us was aware of what was coming in the span of the next two years (i.e. by 1989 the whole of Soviet Communism would implode). 

During rotary evaporation of solvent (from an ethyl acetate extract of a fermentation culture) at 55°C/50 mbar, the flask exploded. (It seems likely that some unsuspected peroxidised material may have been present in the extract, or perhaps the flask was scratched or cracked, and imploded [1].) Several fires and explosions suggest that ethyl acetate may be a worse generator of static electricity than its measured conductivity would indicate [2],... 

When a liquid-solid interface is subjected to ultrasound, transient cavitation still occurs, but with major changes in the nature of the bubble collapse. No longer do cavities implode spherically. Instead, a markedly asymmetric collapse occurs, which generates a jet of liquid directed at the surface, as seen in high speed micro-cinematography by Ellis (9) and Lauterborn (K)) (shown... 

This reaction has been induced in several ways, but one novel procedure involves the action of ultrasound on a suspension of the two solid reactants in dodecane. The ultrasonic vibrations create cavities in the liquid that implode, driving particles of the solid together at high velocity. Under these conditions, the solids react in much the same way as if they were heated, but in cases where an unstable product is formed, it is not thermally decomposed. 

It is possible to split water by irradiating ultra sound wave (USW) with 50 - 300 [kHz] onto water [15]. This phenomenon is called water sonolysis. If the cavitation bubble in water expands to the size with radius rc ( 10"4 m), and then implodes to a smaller bubble with radius r0 ( 10 6 m), the temperature inside the smaller bubble will rise to Tn given by... 

So, for your own protection, make up a water trap from some stoppers, rubber tubing, a thick-walled Erlenmeyer or filter flask, and a screw clamp (Fig. 48). Do not use garden variety Erlenmeyers they may implode without warning. Two versions are shown. I think the setup using the filter flask is more flexible. The screw clamp allows you to let air into your setup at a controlled rate. You might clamp the water trap to a ringstand when you use it. The connecting hoses have been known to flip unsecured flasks, two out of three times. 

Titanium-44 is thus an isotope of considerable astrophysical importance. Detection of its characteristic gamma line has aroused great enthusiasm amongst the nuclear astrophysics community because this isotope supplies precious clues as to the explosion mechanisms operating inside massive stars. Indeed, it allows us to determine the exact boundary between the part of the star which is imploding, to end up as a neutron star, and the part which is ejected and flies out into space, loaded with atomic nuclei manufactured by the star. It also provides... 

The phenomena of photodisintegration and electron capture deprive the star of support from photon and electron pressure. The former drain their energy in shattering iron nuclei, whilst the latter are purely and simply eliminated from the game. Under gravity s tyranny, the core suddenly implodes. 

This correction plays a key role in any cosmological application. Without it, SNIa events could not be used as distance indicators. However, its purely empirical nature remains unsatisfactory to demanding theoretical minds. We would like to be able to explain physically why some explosions are weaker than others, and what effect this has on the appearance of the object. This involves building detailed models of these explosions and the way radiation is hansferred through the expanding envelope, similar to those made to describe atomic bombs or spheres struck by laser beams, which implode before exploding. 

Uses. To implode fissionable material in nuclear devices to achieve critical mass as a component of plastic-bonded explosives and solid fuel rocket propellants and as burster charges in military munitions. 

A robotoid magician implodes on the brink of the blonde chasm. While feeding, the magician cries ... 

Vessels under vacuum do not explode but implode, and the consequences may be significantly worse than the pressure difference of 1 atm suggests. Implosions are, however, very rare and usually result from apparatus being incorrectly designed or handled. The author, with 40 years of laboratory experience, has never seen an implosion. 

Implode a ring-shaped explosive charge of Primacord wrapped around an aluminum cylinder through which the light travels to the film... 

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