Direct cooperativity

In particular in the case of elastomer fibers, such compounds (in many cases silicone compounds) add up to 2.5-8% of the weight of the fibers. Besides problems in removing these oily components during pretreatment, for example, washing of the textiles, the compounds are then detected in the wastewater in considerable amounts. As the addition of such auxiliaries is required for technical purposes, an optimization of the situation has to be achieved by direct cooperation between the fiber/yarn/fabric producer and the textile dyehouses. 

The idea of implementing calixarenes to allow radionuclides to be selectively extracted from radioactive waste was launched by CEA Cadarache, in direct cooperation with the Vicens group in Strasbourg, and also in the framework of projects granted by the Commission of European Community (EC). 

Until the 1920s, wood chemistry was a significant scientific discipline. The advent of petroleum chemistry took wood chemistry out of the limelight. Over the past 20 years, the steady decline of trained people in carbohydrate, lignin extractives, and wood chemistry has reduced drastically the available work force, and these workers are scattered around the world. The easy wood chemistry questions have been answered the more difficult ones will require a well-directed, cooperative research effort. We may not be able to answer the difficult questions, but through multidisciplinary research we will, at least, be able to ask more intelligent ones. 

The Chemical Company works together with its subcontractors, the Design Department and the Plastics Engineering Company, in outsourcing relationships. For the moment, we will deal with the situation after these outsourcing relationships have been established in order to show how a direct cooperation relationship between both subcontractors can be achieved with the process view concept. After that, we will explain how outsourcing relationships can be configured with process views. 

This kind of direct cooperation between organizations resembles a graphlike network cooperation structure in a peer-to-peer mode which is not supported in the former delegation-based concept of AHEAD Both subcontractors cannot cooperate with each other directly but only through their common contractor, the chemical company (shown in the left part of the Figure). In this way, only tree-like cooperation structures are possible. Although this delegation-based process decomposition approach is sufficient in many situations, often direct cooperation between all partners of a cooperative network of companies is needed as well. 

Wulff, G. Schulze, I. Directed cooperativity and site separation of mercapto groups in synthetic polymers. Angew Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1978,17, 537-538. 

Within a direct cooperation project between Stillwater Mining Company and RHl AG a practical testing with different refractory brands and Ca-ferritic slag has been conducted at the Technology Center Leoben. 

No organization responsible for secretariat duties but direct cooperation between governments. 

All these are different manifestations of the direct cooperativity. The situation is more complex when there are also indirect contributions to the correlation between ligands. In such a case one should make a distinction between various sources of and different manifestations of the cooperativity. 

Homotropic allosteric systems with direct cooperativeness (Koshland, Nemeti, Volmer model or Volkenstein model)... 

Homotropic allosteric systems with direct cooperativeness... 

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