Impact PP copolymer

As an option, the polymer can then be fed to a fluidized bed gas-phase reactor, operated in series vith the MZCR, where additional copolymerization can take place to yield high-impact copolymer PP. This gas-phase reactor may be bypassed when homopolymer or random copolymers are produced. In this reactor, the elastomeric phase (ethylene/propylene rubber) is generated within the porous homopolymer matrix that resulted from the first reaction stage. The pores, developed inside the polymer particle in the MZCR upstream, allow the rubber phase to develop without the formation of agglomerates resulting from the sticky nature of the rubber. 

Applications To produce the full range of polypropylene (PP), including homopolymer, random copolymer and impact copolymer PP, using the ExxonMobil PP Process. 

Although H-PP is often used as a blend for making TPO, or filled with short or long fibers, and so forth, there is very little direct H-PP application in the automotive industry. These applications take advantage of the lower cost and scratch resistance of H-PP. PP may also go into some of the fibers used in antomotive components. In contrast, ICPs, with their excellent balance of toughness, rigidity, and processability, have made enormous inroads into automotive applications over the last two decades, becoming a dominant interior thermoplastic. (Clearly, the economics of hydrocarbon-based resins plays an important role.) Table 9.3 shows some characteristic properties of homo, copolymer, and impact copolymer PPs. 

Is a newly designed and engineered glycerol ester. Developmental work has demonstrated Dimodan PML 70 to be an extremely effective antistatic agent in injection molded block impact) copolymer PP and injection molded HOPE applications. 

Similar skin and core cross-sections were also examined using x-ray scattering. The lamellar spacing of the PP crystalline stmcture was measured via SAXS. The lamellar periodicity at the surface was measured to be 129 A and 141 A for TPOl and TP02 materials, respectively. The DSC and SAXS results indicate that the high crystalline PP homopolymer used in the TP02 formulation is capable of producing more crystalhnity and thicker lamellar at the surface compared to the impact copolymer PP used in the TPOl formulation. 

Fig. 12. Unipol PP process where A is the polymerization reactor B, recycle gas compressor C, recycle gas cooler D, product discharge tank E, impact copolymer reactor F, recycle gas compressor G, recycle gas cooler and H, product discharge tank (134).

Fig. 44. The SFM amplitude (a) and force modulation (b) maps of a cryogenic faced impact copolymer (ICP) composed of a polypropylene (PP) matrix with high ethylene (60 wt. %) ethylene-propylene copolymer (EP). Crystalline polyethylene (PE) phases are seen in the EP domains, which are surrounded by the PP matrix. Modulus contrast in the force modulation (drive amplitude 100 mV) image associated with the three polymers the stiff PP matrix is dark, the soft EP domains are light. The crystalline PE regions have modulus between the PP and the EP,thus an intermediate shade of grey is observed for the PE domains [128]...

Application Spheripol process technology produces propylene-based polymers including homopolymer PP and many families of random and heterophasic impact and specialty impact copolymers. 

Products The process can produce a broad range of propylene-based polymers, including homopolymer PP, various families of random copolymers and terpolymers, heterophasic impact and speciality impact copolymers (up to 25% bonded ethylene), as well as high-stiffness, high-clarity copolymers. 

Application To produce polypropylene (PP) homopolymer, random copolymer and impact copolymer using the BP Innovene gas-phase process with proprietary 4th generation supported catalyst. 

Targor GmbH Polypropylene Propylene Novelen process uses 1 or 2 gas-phase reactors connected in series to produce PP homopolymer, copolymer and impact copolymer NA NA... 

Since a major weakness of PPS is its brittleness, some attempts have been made to improve its toughness by blending with other suitable polymers. A commercial impact modified PPS (Toray) is believed to consist of a blend of PPS with ethylene-glycidylmethacrylate polymer. A grafting reaction is expected to occur if the PPS has active end groups such as -SH or -S Na+, which can in principle react with the epoxy group of the ethylene/GMA copolymer. 

Blends of polyolefins (e.g., HPDE/LDPE, LDPE/ ethylene copolymers, PP/EPDM, PP/HDPE/EPDM, HDPE/butyl rubber) have been commercial since the late 1960 s and early 1970 s. Specific film formulations were commonly based on polyolefin blends to achieve the proper balance of processing, environmental stress crack resistance, modulus, toughness, cling, transparency, filler acceptance, printability, tear resistance, shrinkage characteristics, and permeability. Ethylene-propylene mbber (EPR, EPDM) was commonly incorporated into polypropylene as an impact modifier at moderate levels and as a flexibilizer at high levels. One of... 

Products The process can produce a wide variety of homopolymers, random copolymers including terpolymers and pentene copolymers, and impact copolymers with up to 50% rubber content. Product range also includes metallocene PP based on a simple drop-in technology. 

ExxonMobil Chemical Technology Licensing LLC Polypropylene Propylene Technology provides large-capacity reactors for homopolymer PP and impact copolymers NA NA... 

Lummus Novolen Technology Polypropylene homopolymer, random copolymers, impact copolymers, including Metallocene PP Propylene (and ethylene for production of copolymers) Polymerization of propylene in one or two gas-phase reactors stirred by helical agitators to produce a wide range of products 27 2010... 

The Dow Chemica Co/ Univation Technologies Polypropylene Propylene comonomers Process produces homopolymer, random copolymer and impact copolymer polypropylene using the Dow gas-phase UNIPOL PP process 52 2010... 

The next largest molded product market for PP is packaging, especially closures and containers. Child-resistant, tamperproof, linerless features are important design factors as also inherent chemical resistance, stress-crack resistance, and high productivity at low cost. Housewares utilize random copolymers for refrigerator and shelf-storage containers and lids. Medium-impact copolymers are used for hot/cold thermos containers, lunch boxes, coolers, and picnic ware. 

Copolymer PP is less brittle than the homopolymers and is able to withstand impact forces down to — 20T (—29°C), whereas, the homopolymer is extremely brittle below 40T (4°C). 

PP impact copolymer (dust-free thin-wall injection-molded food packaging) Monoglyceride (pellets, Dimodan HPL 70) 0.6% 0.3 0.1 0.1... 

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