Immunotoxicology studies

STB The Non-Clinical Evaluation of the Potential for Delayed Ventricular Repolarization (QT Interval Prolongation) by Human Pharmaceuticals Immunotoxicology Studies... 

Shkedy, Z. et al., Modeling anti-KLH ELISA data using two-stage and mixed effects models in support of immunotoxicological studies, J. Biopharm. Stat., 15, 205, 2005. 

While profound immunosuppression can lead to an increased incidence of infectious or neoplastic diseases, interpreting data from experimental immunotoxicology studies or epidemiological studies for quantitative risk assessment purposes can be problematic. This is because inadvertent exposures to immunotoxic agents may often be expressed as a mild-to-moderate change, reflected, for example, by a 15 to 25% decrement in an immune parameter compared to control values. To help address the clinical consequences of mild-to-moderate immunosuppression, we examined available experimental, clinical and epidemiological studies that examined the association between suppression of immune function and infectious disease, independent of the etiology of suppression. 

Immunotoxicology studies the effects of xenobiotics on the immune system an immunotoxic compound is defined as a compound that can alter one or more immune functions, resulting in an adverse effect for the host. In particular, two main immunotoxic effects can be identified ... 

Kerkvliet, N.I. and Baecher-Steppan, L., Immunotoxicology studies on lead Effects of exposure on tumor growth and cell-mediated immunity after syngeneic or allogeneic stimulation, Immunopharmacology 4, 213, 1982. 

The expanding field of avian immunoecology has provided strong evidence that suppressed immunity leads to ecologically relevant consequences in wild birds. In a review of 12 immune function studies, immune responses were the most significant predictors of subsequent survival of young wild birds [107], In an assessment of 280 introduction attempts in 38 avian species, immunocompetence as assessed by the PHA skin response was an important positive predictor of the ability of birds to colonize new areas (i.e., found new local populations) [108], Similar assessments of survival, fitness, and dispersal ability should be conducted within the context of immunotoxicological studies of wild birds. 

Zelikoff, J.T. et al., Immunotoxicology of low level cadmium exposure in fish An alternative animal model for immunotoxicological studies, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 45, 235, 1995. 

Roboz J, Greaves J, Bekesi JG. 1985. Polybrominated biphenyls in model and enviromnentally contaminated human blood Protein binding and immunotoxicological studies. Environ Health Perspect 60 107-113. 

An immunotoxicology study showed that co-exposure to a mixture of benzene (2.13) and toluene (2.73) resulted in the enhancement of the immunotoxic effects of benzene. The authors surmised that toluene competed with benzene for Phase I metabolizing enzymes, thereby causing benzene concentrations in the body to be higher than if benzene were present alone. 42 ... 

Exclusive use of human cells may limit the ability to bridge to the preexisting database of animal immunotoxicology studies. 

Kim CJ, Berlin JA, Bugelski PJ, Haley P, Herzyk D J. Comparison of immune functional tests using T-dependent antigens in immunotoxicology studies a meta-analysis. Per Exp Clin Immunotox 2007 1 60-73. 

Subsequent to the studies conducted in mice, a two-phase inter-laboratory study for quantification of rat splenic lymphocyte subpopulations using immu-nofluorescent staining and flow cytometry was conducted to determine if this method would be useful for immunotoxicology studies (Ladies et al., 1997,... 

Kurogi K, Naohara K, Kouchi M, Aoki Y, Tanaka K, Yasuba M. Assessment of T-cell-dependent antibody response, hematology, pathology and immunophenotyping in the identical rat on immunotoxicology studies. J Toxicol Sci 2005 30(Suppl) S69. 

Ladies GS, Loveless SE. Cell surface marker analysis of splenic lymphocyte populations of the CD rat for use in immunotoxicological studies. Toxicol Methods 1994 4(2) 77-91. 

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