Immunosuppressive effects

There was a suggestion of dose-related immunosuppressive effects in rabbits fed methyl parathion in the diet at 0.04, 0.16, 0.57, and 1.48 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks. These effects consisted of decreased numbers of plasma cells in popliteal lymph nodes (at all doses compared to controls), decreased numbers of germinal... 

There is evidence for immunosuppressive effects of PAHs in rodents (Davila et al. 1997). For example, strong immunosuppressive effects were reported in mice that had been dosed with benzo[fl]pyrene and 3-methyl cholanthrene, effects that persisted for up to 18 months (Environmental Health Criteria 202). Multiple immu-notoxic effects have been reported in rodents, and there is evidence that these result from disturbance of calcium homeostasis (Davila et al. 1997). PAHs can activate protein tyrosine kinases in T cells that initiate the activation of a form of phospholipase C. Consequently, release of inositol triphosphate—a molecule that immobilizes Ca + from storage pools in the endoplasmic reticulum—is enhanced. 

Three endogenous opioids have been identified enkephalins, dynorphins and beta-endorphins. These opioid peptides selectively bind to the seven transmembrane GPCRs delta (8), kappa (k), and mu (p). Although dynorphin binds predominately to the k receptor, P-endorphines and enkephalins bind to p and 8 opioid receptors. It is important to note that the analgesia induced by opioids is mediated predominately throngh the p opioid receptor. In vitro studies have shown a decrease in the immnne function and proliferation following p-endorphin administration in rodents (Ray and Cohn 1999) and that the immunosuppressive effects by P-endorphins are steroid-independent (Berkenbosch et al. 1984 Nelson et al. 2000). 

MPA derivatives have replaced azathioprine as the antiproliferative agent of choice in most organ transplant centers. The MPA derivatives generally are considered to provide a more specific immunosuppressive effect compared with azathioprine. Mycophenolate mofetil and enteric-coated mycophe-nolic acid have similar safety and efficacy data in renal transplant recipients. 

Corticosteriods are used for their immunosuppressive effect in combination with PEX because they are of no benefit when used alone in this population. The most commonly used agents are methylprednisolone 1 g/day intravenously and prednisone 1 mg/kg per day orally. 

Carpenter KJ, Hogaboam CM. Immunosuppressive effects of CCL17 on pulmonary antifungal responses during pulmonary invasive aspergillosis. Infect Immun 2005 73(ll) 7198-7207. 

Of the following mechanisms of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of glucocorticoids, which one is uniformly observed ... 

Mylotarg (like most other drugs) does induce some side effects, the most significant of which is immunosuppression. This is induced because certain additional (non-cancerous) white blood cell precursors also display the CD33 antigen on their surface. The immunosuppressive effect is reversed upon termination of treatment, as pluripotent haematopoietic stem cells (Chapter 10) are unaffected by the product. 

Some deaths. Residues (mg/kg fresh weight) >3 in brain, >10 in clotted heart blood, >6 in kidney, and up to 20 in liver Blood lead concentrations, in mg/L, increased from <0.1 at start to 0.1 after 24 h, 3.2 at 7 days, to 6.8 at 14 days. There were some deaths at day 21 and survivors had 0.6 mg Pb/kg blood FW. All dosed birds had immunosuppressive effects, as seen by lowered hemagglutination titers to sheep red blood cells... 

Involution of thymus and suppression of cellular and humoral activity and transient immunosuppressive effects within 2 days of injection with responses returning to normal within a few days... 

Toxicological effects of various PCDDs to aquatic biota and wildlife, especially reproductive and immunosuppressive effects... 

Sacerdote, P. et al., Antinociceptive and immunosuppressive effects of opiate drugs A structure-related activity study, Hr. J. Pharmacol., 121, no. 4, 834—840, 1997. 

It is widely accepted that cigarette smoking is linked to community acquired pneumonia and is one of the major risk factors for respiratory infections.39,40 Cigarette smoke is composed of two components, the vapor and particulate phase. The immunosuppressive effect of tobacco smoke is partly due to nicotine, which occurs in the particulate portion. Nicotine, as well as other immunotoxins in tobacco smoke, are thought to be respon-... 

Immunosuppressive effects have been obtained in vitro with mercuric chloride. A marked inhibition of the mixed lymphocyte reaction in mice as well as PFC (plaque forming cell) response to SRBC (sheep red blood cells) by mercuric chloride [166] has been reported. Chronic exposure to mercury of rabbits gave immunosuppression, measured as low antibody titres to viral agents [167], A suppression of antibody production in chickens exposed to mercuric chloride has also been reported [168]. Furthermore, an inhibition of mitogenic response to PHA in lymphocytes by mercuric chloride has been obtained [169],... 

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