Immunological systems antibody production

Very recently, the preparation of monoclonal antibodies as a highly sophisticated approach to identify micro amounts of pellicle components has been described [43, 52], Immunologic techniques are particularly suitable for identifying small amounts of antigenic components that provide sufficient immuno-genicity to stimulate and induce antibody production by the immune system. Multiple encounters of the immune system with certain antigens amplify the... 

Information on immunological effects of 2-butoxyethanol in animals exposed orally to 2-butoxyethanol is limited to one acute and one intermediate study. Male Fischer 344 rats were immunized with trinitrophenyl-lipopolysaccharide (TNP-LPS) and then dosed by gavage (4 and 28 hours after immunization) to 0, 50, 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg/day 2-butoxyethanol in distilled water for 2 consecutive days (Smialowicz et al. 1992). Three days later, the primary plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to TNP-LPS was determined. The PFC response to TNP-LPS was used to evaluate B-l miphocyte antibody production. No toxic effect of 2-butoxyethanol in the immune system was detected. In Sprague-Dawley rats, in which males received doses of 180 or 506 mg/kg/day 2-butoxyethanol and females received doses of 204 or 444 mg/kg/day 2-butoxyethanol in the drinking water for 21 days, serum samples were... 

The information on immunological effects of 2-butoxyethanol in animals consists of the following findings no effect on the immune system was found in rats at gavage doses of 400 mg/kg/day for 2 days following immunization with trinitrophenyl-lipopolysaccharide (TNP-LPS) (Smialowicz et al. 1992) and no IgG change compared with controls in antibody production or delayed-type hypersensitivity response... 

Our immunological system represents an excellent example. When a foreign agent enters the blood system, it is bound by an antibody that is able to adapt its shape to practically any agent. Moreover, a complex mechanism transmits the information about the agent s size and shape, and all this results in mass production of antibodies with the particular shape needed to bind the invader. 

Immune response The development of specifically altered reactivity following exposure to an antigen. This may take several fonns. e.g. antibody production, cell-mediated immunity, immunological tolerance. Immunotoxic Hannful to the immune system. 

Many microorganisms minimize the effects of the host s defence system against them by mimicking the antigenic stmcture of the host tissne. The eventual immunological response of the host to infection then leads to the autoimmune destmction of itself. Thus, infections with Mycoplasma pneumoniae can lead to production of antibody against normal Group 0 erythrocytes with concomitant haemolytic anaemia. 

The acquired immune system has probably received most of the attention in marine mammals, as has been the case in rodent and human immunology. Recent advances include the production of monoclonal [22-24] and polyclonal [25] antibodies to marine mammal immunoglobulins, enabling more precise, and often species-specific, reagents for the detection and quantification of antigen-specific antibodies. 

Third, they can act as antigens and generate an immune response which may result in a lower effective concentration of the protein at its effector site (because some of it is bound to the antibody) or occasionally in a clinical allergic syndrome - most particularly if the protein has been derived in whole or in part from non-human DNA (mouse DNA is incorporated with human in some production systems and this tends to produce more common immunological... 

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