Immune system reaction

Wright, Karen. A Shot of Sanity You ll Get No Kick from Cocaine if Yau Take this New Vaccine. Discover, June 1999, pp. 47-48. Reports on clinical trials of a vaccine that triggers an immune system reaction that blocks the absorption of cocaine. However, while the vaccine blocks the effect of the drug, it does not block the craving. Users may be able to circumvent the vaccine by taking very high doses of cocaine or they may simply decide to stop taking the vaccine. 

Kassa, J., Krocova, Z., Sevelova, L., Sheshko, V., Neubaerova, V., Kasalova, I. (2003). Low-level sarin-induced alteration of immune system reaction in inbred BALB/c mice. Toxicology 187 195-203. 

The immune system reaction to mercury has been extensively studied in animals. Although it has not been completely described, a great deal of information exists about the changes that occur in the immune system in response to mercury exposure (Bigazzi 1992 Goldman et al. 1991 Mathieson 1992). Animal strains that are susceptible or predisposed to develop an autoimmune response show a proliferation of autoreactive T-cells (specifically CD4+ T-cells) (Pelletier et al. 1986 Rossert et al. 1988). The fundamental change caused by mercury that results in the autoimmune response appears to be in these... 

As mentioned above, the liposome-embedded hemes are promising as an artificial blood in many ways, but they are not yet usable as substitutes for the red blood cell in living animals. Trats conducted in rodents showed that the liposome/heme indeed transports oxygen in vivo, but only for several hours After that, the animals died, presumably because of a severe immune system reaction in the animal. Further experiments are being carried out by our group to try to overcome that problem. 

Drug overdose Heroin overdose has been associated with pulmonary and immune system complications in 16 patients hospitalized because of overdose with heroin and other psychoactive drugs Pulmonary complications included pneumonia, non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and aspiration of gastric contents. Immune system reaction complications included lower concentrations of IgG, IgA, IgM, and the complement component C3 and reduced CD4 lymphocyte and CD56-bearing lymphocyte counts. 

Rejection Any of a number of immune system reactions that destroy transplanted material that is... 

L-Tyrosine metabohsm and catecholamine biosynthesis occur largely in the brain, central nervous tissue, and endocrine system, which have large pools of L-ascorbic acid (128). Catecholamine, a neurotransmitter, is the precursor in the formation of dopamine, which is converted to noradrenaline and adrenaline. The precise role of ascorbic acid has not been completely understood. Ascorbic acid has important biochemical functions with various hydroxylase enzymes in steroid, dmg, andhpid metabohsm. The cytochrome P-450 oxidase catalyzes the conversion of cholesterol to bUe acids and the detoxification process of aromatic dmgs and other xenobiotics, eg, carcinogens, poUutants, and pesticides, in the body (129). The effects of L-ascorbic acid on histamine metabohsm related to scurvy and anaphylactic shock have been investigated (130). Another ceUular reaction involving ascorbic acid is the conversion of folate to tetrahydrofolate. Ascorbic acid has many biochemical functions which affect the immune system of the body (131). 

A number of chemical compounds are potent sensitizers that can lead to serious immunological reactions. Immunotoxicology explores interactions between chemical compounds and the immune system. Chemicals can amplify, attenuate, or otherwise modify immunological reactions subsequent to exposure. - ... 

Allergic contact dermatitis Skin condition that occurs in response to exposure to sensitizing material. It is characterized by redness, swelling and cracking and, sometimes more severe reactions involving the entire immune system. 

Immunosuppressive agents (immunosuppressants) are drugs that attenuate immune reactions. An application is indicated in case our immune system reacts inadequately leading to serious diseases or normal immune reactions are unwanted, e.g., following transplantations. 

Vitamin B6-coenzyme is involved in a variety of reactions, e.g., in the immune system, gluconeogenesis, erythrocyte fimction, niacin formation, nervous system, lipid metabolism, and in hormone modulation/gene expression [1, 2]. 

Adverse reactions to immune globulins are rare. However, local tenderness and pain at the injection site may occur. The most common adverse reactions include urticaria, angioedema, erythema, malaise, nausea, diarrhea, headache, chills, and fever. Adverse reactions, if they occur, usually last for several hours. Systemic reactions are extremely rare... 

Although human anaphylaxis is a systemic reaction, the mouse model of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PGA) has been used extensively to enhance our understanding of mechanisms which also may contribute to systemic anaphylaxis. Unlike systemic anaphylaxis in the mouse, PGA appears to be entirely dependent on mast cells [4,6]. While IgE appears to be the primary antibody isotype that mediates PCA reactions in actively immunized mice, activation of FcyRIII by a fraction of IgGl antibodies (called anaphylactic IgGl) can also mediate PCA reactions in mice [4]. 

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