Immune components

Stevens-Johnson syndrome, a severe erythema, was seen in five people occupationally exposed to trichloroethylene for 2-5 weeks at levels ranging from 19 to 164 ppm (Phoon et al. 1984). The study authors suggested that the erythema was caused by a hypersensitivity reaction to trichloroethylene. An exfoliative dermatitis (Goh and Ng 1988) and scleroderma (Czirjak et al. 1993), also thought to have an immune component, have been reported in persons occupationally exposed to trichloroethylene. 

At least two specific properties make the immune system vulnerable to chemical or physical insults (1) the immune system develops rather late in life (thymus development lasts at least until puberty), and some bone marrow-dependent immune components are continuously renewed (i.e., granulocytes), and (2) each pathogen attack, as well as immune surveillance, demands a delicate control of the balance between activation, silencing, and regulation of immune reactivity. 

Respiratory hypersensitivity is an adverse reaction in the respiratory tract driven by immune mechanisms such as IgE antibody mediated allergic responses. Other less well understood mechanisms that have an immune component are also involved in respiratory hypersensitivity. OA is one outcome of respiratory hypersensitivity. Respiratory hypersensitivity and OA to proteins are primarily mediated by IgE antibody with subsequent inflammatory cell infiltrates. This same mechanism is responsible for OA to specific LMW chemicals such as the acid anhydrides and platinum salts. However, the role for IgE mediated responses in OA to other LMW chemicals such as the isocyanates and plicatic acid is poorly defined and other mechanisms may be responsible. 

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids Other immune components Chemokines Other soluble factors... 

R. G. Vile, J. A. Nelson, S. Castleden, H. Chong, and I. R. Hart, Systemic gene therapy of murine melanoma using tissue specific expression of the HSVtk gene involves an immune component, Cancer Res. 54 6228 (1994). 

The MHC region is divided into three snbgronps, class I, class II and class IE. Class El has a function very different from that of class I and class II (Table 15.4), but since it has a locus between the other two (on chromosome 6 in humans), the three classes are frequently discussed together MHC class III encodes for immune components such as complement (C2, C4, factor B), as well as cytokines (e.g. tumour necrosis factor (TNF)). 

Human studies that assessed damage to cellular immune components following inhalation exposure to uranium found no clear evidence of an immunotoxic potential for uranium. No association was found between the uranium exposure and the development of abnormal leukocytes in workers employed for 12-18 years at a nuclear fuels production facility (Cragle et al. 1988). Increases in the number of fatal malignant disease of the lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue reported among uranium mill workers may have been caused by other carcinogens in the work environment such as °Th. The authors of this report estimated that the workers were exposed to 8-5,100 mg/m (median 110 mg/m ) uranium mill dust, which contains °Th as a natural component (Archer et al. 1973b). 

Is There an Immune Component in Many Other Toxicities ... 

R648 K. Hirayama, Structural Characterization of Immune Components Immunoglobulin G and its Receptor , J. Mass Spectrom. Soc. Jpn., 2000,48,101... 

Antineutrophil antibodies, possibly generated by reaction of nitrenium ions with neutrophil proteins resulting in hapten formation, may also be involved in the etiology of clozapine-induced neutropenia. There is likely to be an immune component since the reaction occurs more quickly and is more severe on rechaUenge of patients who have developed clozapine-induced neutropenia. 

Dermal toxicity of pesticides is thus usually synonymous with dermal absorption since the critical adverse effect is classical OP systemic neurotoxicity (e.g cholinesterase inhibition). The major mechanism of direct pesticide toxicity to skin is generally related to immunological mechanisms, either directly with. skin immune components after topical absorption or indirectly after systemic administration. 

Human Immunoglobuline (IgG) and goat-on human polyclonal antibodies to it (anti-IgG) were produced in the Institute of Biochemistry (Kiev, Ukraine). Both immune components being negatively charged in the above buffer solution were immobilised on top of PAA layer. In order to improve orientation of the immune components, a layer of protein-A (Staphylococcus... 

Aureus from Miles Laboratories, USA) was used as described in [24]. Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) (from SIGMA) was used to exclude non-specific binding of the immune components. 

Adsorption of the immune components as well as the immune reactions were investigated using an in-house made SPR experimental set-up [25], which is shown schematically in Fig. 4. 

In both SPR and PPI methods, adsorption of the immune components, the protein-A and BSA, as well as a specific immune IgG/anti-lgG reaction were performed by injection of the respective solutions into the cell having a volume of 2 cm The amount of solution injected was normally exceeded the celt volume in 3 times. Washing the samples between adsorption steps was carried out by pumping the excessive amount of buffer solution (10-20 times greater than the cell volume). 

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