Immobilized stability

In situ soil remediation with physical methods includes the in situ heating (in situ thermal treatment), ground-freezing, hydraulic fracturing, immobilization/stabilization, flushing, chemical detoxification, vapor extraction, steam extraction, biodegradation/bioremediation, electroosmosis/ electrokinetic processes, etc. 

Immobilization—stabilization of penicilhn G acylase from Escherichia coli. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 26, 181-196. 

Tardioli, P.W., Fernandez-Lafuente, R., Guisan, J.M. and Giordano, R.L.C., Design of new immobilized-stabilized carboxypeptidase a derivative for production of aromatic free hydrolysates of proteins, Biotechnol Prog, 2003, 19, 565. 

How does immobilization stabilize a protein First, it reduces the inter-molecular interaction, thus abolishing aggregation (38). Second, it minimizes the unfolding of the protein molecule by multipoint attachment to the matrix. Thus, the number of attachment bonds between the enzyme and the matrix correlates well with the enhancement in stability achieved as a result of immobilization (39). Mozhaev et al. (39) note that this stabilization cannot be pushed beyond a certain limit because irreversible denaturation is always possible. 

It can be postulated that three factors may play a role in stabilization in the presence of fillers. One factor is the discussed absorption which immobilizes stabilizer to the extent that it cannot perform its function. The second is its desorption capability, which, if it exists, may enhance the performance of stabilizer due to its better retention. However, it should be mentioned that photochemical changes occur at very short time scales therefore, there must always be a sufficient concentration of free (not absorbed) stabilizer to react with radicals. The third factor is the effect of filler on structure and related stability of stabilizer. The reduced stability of polypropylene in the presence of some stabilizers in Table 13.4 can be explained only by the formation of degradation products. It... 

CBZ-Ser-Leu-OMe synthesis has been carried out starting from CBZ-Ser and Leu-OMe, using free thermolysin in a monophasic system, and thermolysin immobilized-stabilized on agarose gels, in a biphasic system. The influence of different variables such as pH, polarity of the reaction medium, temperature and substrate concentrations on the dipeptide yield and reaction rate has been studied. 

Cholesterol oxidase Fe304 MNPs Enzyme immobilization, stabilization [180]... 

The results indicate that acetylation of the enzyme considerably improves immobilization stability of the process. Acetylation of the enzyme reduces enzyme desorption resulting... 

Alvaro G, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Blanco RM et al. (1990) Immobilization-stabilization of penicillin G acylase from E. coli. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 26 186-195... 

Guisan J, Polo E, Aguado J et al. (1997) Immobilization-stabilization ofthennolysin onto activated agarose gels. Biocatal Biotransfor 15 159-173... 

Alvaro G, Eemandez-Lafuente R, Blanco RM et al. (1990) Immobilization-stabilization of penicillin acylase from E. coli. Appl Biochem Biotech 26 186-195 Alvaro G, Eemandez-Lafuente R, RoseU CM et al. (1992) Penicillin G acylase from Kluyvera citrophila. New choice as industrial enzyme. Biotechnol Lett 14(4) 285-290 Arroyo M, Torres-Guzman R, de la Mata I et al. (2000) Activation and stabilization of penicillin V acylase from Streptomyces lavendulae in the presence of glycerol and glycols. Biotechnol Prog 16 368-371... 

Derewenda U, Brzozowski AM, Lawson DM et al. (1992) Catalysis at the interface the anatomy of a conformational change in a trglyceride lipase. Biochemistry 31 1532-1541 Dong H, Gao S, Han S et al. (1999) Purification and characterization of a Pseudomonas sp. lipase and its properties in non aqueous media. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 30 251-256 Donova MV, Dovbnya DV, Sukhodolskaya GV et al. (2004) Microbial conversion of sterol-containing soybean oil production waste. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 80(l) 55-60 Dosanjh NS, Kaur J (2002) Immobilization, stability and esterification studies of a lipase from a Bacillus sp. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 36 7-12... 

Fig. 6.4.6 Inactivation of a dehydrogenase from Thermus thermophilus at pH 7 and 83°C. ( ) soluble enzyme ( ) immobilized-stabilized enzyme...

Immobilization, stabilization, fixation, and solidification are terms that describe sometimes overlapping techniques whereby hazardous wastes are placed in a form suitable for long-term disposal. These aspects of hazardous-waste management are addressed below. 

C Otero, A Ballesteros, JM Guis. Immobilization/stabilization of lipase from Candida ru-gosa. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 19 163-175, 1988. 

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