Immobilised cultures

Looby D, Griffiths JB Racher AJ (1992) Productivity of a hybridoma ceU line in a range of suspension and immobilised culture systems. In Spier RE, Griffiths JB MacDonald C (eds) Animal Cell Technology Developments, Processes and Products, pp. 331-335. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford. 

Finally, core-shell microspheres were found very effective in purifying the endopolygalacturonase. obtained from a Kluyveromyces marxianus culture broth, which was immobilised on y-alumina in the active form. 

It is possible to prepare optically active substrates by immobilising nanoparticles. Nanostructured surfaces have proven to be effective in biosensing [61], but are incompatible with other applications like tissue culture. Because the preparation... 

To increase production and facilitate isolation, plant cells have been immobilised on various matrices such as polyurethane foam and calcium alginate gel beads,24 while elicitation (i.e. the induction of a defence response) is generally critical for the production of secondary metabolites. The rationale for the use of elicitors is that plants produce secondary metabolites as part of a defence response to stress, either biotic (pathogen infection) or abiotic (ultraviolet, toxic heavy metals and rare earth ions). Jasmonic acid plays a crucial role in plant stress responses and, along with fungal polysaccharides and heavy metals, is the most widely employed elicitor in plant tissue cultures.30... 

Looby D Griffiths JB (1987) Optimisation of glass sphere immobilised bed cultures. In Spier RE Griffiths JB (eds) Modern Approaches to Animal Cell Technology, pp. 342-452. Butterworth, Guildford. 

Looby D Griffiths JB (1990) Immobilisation and animal cells in porous carrier culture. Trends in Biotechnology 8 204-209. 

Racher AJ, Looby D Griffiths JB (1990) Studies on monoclonal antibody production of a hybridoma cell line (C1E3) immobilised in a fixed bed porosphere culture system. Journal of Biotechnology 15 129-146. 

Ray NG, Tung AS, Hayman EG, Vournakis JN Runstadler PW Jr (1990) Continuous cell culture in fluidized bed reactors cultivation of hybridomas and recombinant CHO cells immobilised in collagen microspheres. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Biochemical Engineering VI 589 443-457. 

A marine lumious bacterium. Photobacterium phosphoreum IFO 13896 was grown with the ATCC culture medium no. 1163 at 15 °C for 15 h corresponding to the optimum conditions in order to obtain the maximum bioluminescence. After centrifugation (15000 rpm) of the culture and after twice rinse of harvested cells with the growth medium without the carbon source, cells were immobilised in the holes (diameter KXK) pm, depth 100 pm) on an acrylic chip (3cm X 3cm), that were fabricated with a NC micro-fabrication machine. For immobilisation of the cells 3% sodium alginate was used in this procedure. Detection of bioliuninescence... 

Since SRP materials relevant to this application are water-soluble in the swollen state, polymer molecules have to be immobilised on a substrate that ideally allows microscopic control of cell culture and cell detachment. Possible options are standard TCP dishes, other optically transparent polymeric carriers or glass slides. To permanently affix SRP thin films on these materials, a multitude of techniques can be applied. 

The use of immobilised cells of producing strain is a promising method for extending the production period of the ergot cultures. 

Immobilised cells are applicable for most bioconversions. Mixed cultures, either free or immobilised, could simplify performance of these bioreactions. However, meeting different nutritional requirements of mixed cultures is a problem that must be overcome. 

First, a reactive comonomer unit can be introduced for a direct covalent immobilisation. When the material surface to be coated contains hydroxyl groups (e.g., glass, silicon, titanium alloys), the silyl-hydroxyl reaction can be used. Following this route, Yang et al. (2010) combine A-isopropyl acrylamide (NiPAAm) with a 3(trimethoxysi-lyOpropyl methacrylate unit to provide a stable thermo-responsive cell culture surface on glass carriers. On an amine-modified surface, a randomly distributed copolymer of... 

Beyond physicochemical approaches, switchable cell culture carriers can be provided with a biomolecular functionalisation to more effectively tune attachment, growth and proliferation as well as detachment of adherent cells. To allow covalent protein or peptide immobilisation, reactive units are introduced into the thermo-responsive material. 

Another route towards biomolecular functionalisation of switchable cell culture carriers was proposed by Gramm et al. (2011). The thermo-responsive polymer poly (vinyl methyl ether) was blended with a small amount of the alternating copolymer of vinyl methyl ether and maleic anhydride. After electron beam cross-linking, stable films with a dry thickness of up to 70 nm were obtained. The introduced anhydride moieties allow for subsequent protein or peptide immobilization without toxic coupling agents. This concept was applied and further developed by Teich-mann et al. (2013). The impact of different adhesion-promoting molecules immobilised in different concentrations to the thermo-responsive coating was evaluated and compared. 

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