Immersion rinse tanks

Vapor degreasers are available with ultrasonic transducers built into the clean solvent rinse tank. The parts are initially cleaned either by the vapor rinse method or by immersion in a boiling solvent. They are then immersed for ultrasonic scrubbing, followed by rinsing with vapor or spray plus vapor. ... 

In darkroom with red safe light, remove slides from box and place in staining-dish rack. Immerse rack and slides in CrOg solution for 4 min. Let drain 5 sec. Turn off red safe light and wash in rinse tank 20 min. 

Solvent cleaners may be inline or batch. Inline cleaning nsuaUy involves spray under immersion. The temperature of the solvent wash tank is set below its flash point, and several rinse tanks follow the wash tank to ensure good cleaning before the final drying step. Solvents such as glycol-ether blends are nsed for this process. Batch degreasers may nse n-propyl bromide in specialized applications. 

To use an ultrasonic cleaner, immerse the item to be cleaned in the cleaning solution within the device s tank. There are general-purpose and industrial-strength cleaning solutions as well as specific cleaning solutions for jewelry, oxides, and buffing compound removers. Turn the ultrasonic cleaner on for several minutes, and see if your item is clean. If not, repeat the process and/or try an alternate cleaning method. After an item has been cleaned, rinse as you would with a soap and water wash. 

Open the PTLink and remove each Autostainer Slide Rack with the slides from the PTLink Tank and immediately immerse slides into the PTLink Rinse Station (Code PT109) containing diluted, room temperature Dako Wash Buffer (10x), (Code S3006). 

The levels of chlorite and chlorate ions were determined under maximized treatment conditions. This was a pre-chill study consisting of immersion for 5 s in ASC at 1200 mg sodium chlorite/l, pH 2.5, on the wet carcasses after removal from a chiller tank and after 5 min post-removal drip period. The levels of chlorite and chlorate in the carcasses were 9 and 11 pg/kg carcass, respectively. When carcasses were submitted to a 15-or30-s dip in ASC at 1200 mg sodium chlorite/l, with or without post-treatment water rinsing, the levels of chlorate and chlorite ions remained below 0.1 mg/kg carcass. 

Chemical cleaning sequences are often contained in conveyorized spray equipment with rinsing between each step. Batch processing in a tank system is also used, with a hoist for basket movement between solutions. Uniformity of the etching of panels within a basket must be measured, but is generally quite good and reproducible as long as the immersion time is short and the bath s chemical composition is consistent. 

Most immersion silver in large production is applied in conveyorized equipment. The cleaner and microetch may use flood or spray application, but the silver solution is applied using flood. Because the silver process is very mild to the PCB materials, rinsing is very important to ensure that contamination from all prior fabrication steps is removed. Often, silver is apphed in part form after the PCB has been routed, depanelized, and electrically tested. This is to preserve the silver surface, which can be sensitive to handling, contamination, and fingerprints. In smaller-scale production and prototype manufacturing, silver can be apphed in vertical process tanks. 

H2SO4 to remove the mill scale, oxides and rust. It is rinsed again in water to remove iron salts. After degreasing, the workpiece is immersed in a tank of flux and dried. Drying can be done on hot plates or in ovens at 120°C. The dried workpiece is then immersed in the molten bath of zinc as described above. 

The pickling bafli is regulated at 60-65°C and the substrate to be pretreated is then immersed for 30 min. At the end of this time it is removed and immersed in a tank of water at ambient temperature. Any acid remaining on the surface can then be removed using a spray-rinse with cold water. The pretreated components can then be air-dried, preferably in an air-circulating oven whose air temperature is no greater than 45 C. Bonding should take place within 2-8 h of pretreatment. 

---