Betaines imidazolinium

Imidazolinium betaines were initially described by Mannheimer, who obtained them from the reaction of fatty alkyl imidazolines with sodium chloroacetate [30,31]. 

Imidazolinium betaines were initially obtained from the reaction of fatty alkyl imidazolines with sodium chloroacetate [10,11]. Their preparation in this manner, however, is not practiced. They can be prepared by the reaction of imidazoline with acrylic acid (Figure 12.11). The corresponding carboxyl ethyl betaine may be obtained, in —65% yield, by the electrophilic addition of acrylic acid on tertiary amine [35] (Figure 12.12). 

The addition of acrylic acid to high-percentage imidazolines improves the existence of an imidazolinium betaine in the model substance l-hydroxyethyl-2-heptyl-imidazolinium-3-ethyl carbox-ylate through purification by vacuum distillation [36]. The preparation is carried out by heating the imidazoline derivative for several hours with a 5% excess of acrylic acid in the absence of water. More than 65% of the imidazolinium structure is retained depending on the length of the fatty alkyl chain. Open-chain reaction products are also formed, by application of excess acrylic add, depending on the reaction temperature. 

Alkyl-n-carboxymethyl-n-hydioxyethyl imidazolinium betaine. See Sodium cocoa mphoacetate... 

Synonyms 2-Alkyl-n-carboxymethyl-n-hydroxyethyl imidazolinium betaine Cocoamphoacetate Cocoamphoglycinate Cocoimidazoline betaine Coconut imidazoline betaine Imidazolium compds., 1-(carbo methyl)-4,5-dihydro-1-(hydroxyethyl)-2-norcoco alkyl, hydroxides, inner salts Classification Organic compd. 

Of minor importance are the sulfobetains (the anionic group is a sulfo acid instead of a carboxylic acid). More important are imidazolinium betains, which are made by reaction of imidazolines (- imidazoline derivatives) with chloroacetic acid. The ring is hydrolized during the process and leaves a mixture of N-substituted fatty acid amides with -CH2-CH2-OH and -CH2COONa in varying number and arrangement. 

Cocoalkyl)-1 -benzyl-1 -(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-imidazolinium chloride. See Cocoyl benzyl hydroxyethyl imidazolinium chloride Cocoalkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride. See Cocoalkonium chloride N-Cocoalkyl-1,1 -iminobis-2-propanol. See PPG-2 cocam ine Coco amide. See Cocamide Coco amides, N-[3-(dimethylamino) propyl], N-oxide. See Cocamidopropylamine oxide Cocoamido betaine Cocoamidopropyl betaine. See Cocamidopropyl betaine Cocoamidopropyidimethylamine. See Cocamidopropyl dimethylamine Cocoamidopropyidimethylamine oxide. See Cocamidopropylamine oxide Cocoamidopropyidimethylamine propionate. See Cocamidopropyl dimethylamine propionate... 

Cocodimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed collagen Cocodimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed hair keratin Cocodimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed keratin Cocodimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed rice protein Cocodimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed silk Cocodimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed soy protein Cocodimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed wheat protein Cocodimonium hydroxypropyl silk amino acids Coco-ethyidimonium ethosulfate Coco-hydroxysultaine Coco-morpholine oxide Coco/oleamidopropyl betaine Cocotrimonium chloride Cocoyl benzyl hydroxyethyl imidazolinium chloride Cocoyl hydrolyzed collagen Cocoyl hydrolyzed keratin Cocoyl hydrolyzed soy protein Cocoyl polyglyceryl-4 hydroxypropyl dihydroxyethylamine Com (Zea mays) oil Corn starch/acrylamide/sodium acrylate copolymer Cyclomethicone L-Cysteine L-Cystine DEA-lauraminopropionate DEA-oleth-3 phosphate DEA-oleth-10 phosphate Decarboxy carnosine HCI Decylamine oxide Decyl betaine Dibehenyidimonium chloride Dibehenyldimonium methosulfate Dibehenyl methylamine... 

Steartrimonium methosulfate Stearyl betaine Stearyl hydroxyethyl imidazoline Stearyl hydroxyethylimidonium chloride Stearyl octyidimonium chloride Stearyl octyidimonium methosulfate Stearylvinyl ether/MA copolymer Sulfur Synthetic wax Tallamide DEA Tall oil benzyl hydroxyethyl imidazolinium chloride Tall oil hydroxyethyl imidazoline Tallowalkonium chloride... 

The amphoteric surfactants are relatively expensive products compared to anionic surfactants. Thus, it is not surprising that they are primarily being utilized at low concentrations in cosmetic formulations. A review of 438 shampoos of the U.S. market reveals that appreciable quantities, for example, >5% of alkylamido betaines and imidazolinium surfactants were found in only 8.7% and 13.5%, respectively, of the investigated shampoos. Alkyl betaines were found in a limited number of cases, whereas sulfo betaines were not found in this stndy [4,5]. Since these studies were made, the market has focused on mild products. The change in the U.S. market from bar to liquid soaps has increased the use of alkylamidopropyl betaines. 

Surfactants Are the most important components improve the wetting ability of water, emusify and remove soil particles Alkylbenzene sulfates, e.g. linear alkylbenzene sidfonate (LAS) Alcohol sulfates, e.g. Fatty alcohol sulfates (FAS) Alcohol ether sulfates ot-Olefin sulfonates Alcohol ethoxylates Alkylphenol ethoxylates Fatty alkanolamides Fatty amine oxides Alkylpolyglucucosides Betaines Imidazolinium salts Quaternary ammonium compounds ... 

Amphoteric s. ) they have both cationic and anionic groups linked to one hydrophobic molecule (betaines, sulfobetains, imidazolinium be-tains). 

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