Illinois coal analysis

The bulk of the samples for this study came from TVA s Allen Steam Plant at Memphis, Tenn. The sampling points (Figure 4) included inlet air, coal, bottom ash, precipitator inlet, and outlet at the 268-ft stack level. During the 2-week sampling period the unit was operated under steady state conditions at 240 MW (12) with a uniform coal supply so that a mass balance might be established for a number of elements. All the coal from southern Illinois was washed and crushed so that 90% was less than 4 mesh. Nominal coal analysis indicated the following composition 9.5% moisture, 34% volatiles, 43% fixed carbon, 13% ash, and 3.4% sulfur. 

Radiochemical yields are 80-95% for zinc and quantitative for cadmium. The average relative standard deviation was 25% for zinc and better than 10% for cadmium. The detection limit of the method is 50 ppm cadmium in the ash. Analysis of two Illinois coals with unusually high cadmium content (17 and 21 ppm) gave results in good agreement with those obtained by atomic absorption and by anodic stripping voltammetry (4). The recent development and testing of a radiochemical method for the determination of zinc, cadmium, and arsenic in coal and fly ash, by Orvini et al. (14), has already been discussed in the section on arsenic. 

Patrick, J. W., and Wilkinson, H. C. 191%.In Analytical Methods for Coal and Coal Products, Vol. 2, C. K. Karr, Jr. (Editor). Academic Press, San Diego, CA, Chap. 29. Rees, O. W. 1966. Chemistry, Uses, and Limitations of Coal Analysis. Report of Investigations 220. Illinois State Geological Survey, Urbana, IL. 

Rees, O. W. 1966. Chemistry, Uses, and Limitations of Coal Analysis. Report of Investigations 220. Illinois State Geological Survey, Urbana, IL. 

Table I. Instrumental Methods Used in Coal Analysis by the Illinois State Geological Suirvey (ISGS) and the...

Pyatenko, A.T., Bukhman, S.V., Lebedinskii, V.S., Nasarov, V.M., and Tolmachev, I.Ya. 1992. Fuel, 71 701. Rees, O.W. 1966. Chemistry, uses, and limitations of coal analysis. Report of Investigations No. 220. Illinois State Geological Survey, Urbana, IL. 

Analysis Pure ceUulos e Pine wood Kentuck y bluegrass Giant brown kelp Feedlo t manur e Urban refuse Primary sewage sludge Reed sedge peat Illinois bituminous coal... 

Two types of coal ash samples have been prepared routinely for analysis at the Illinois Geological Survey. Low-temperature ash samples (12), in which the bulk of the mineral matter remains unchanged, are prepared by reaction of the coal with activated oxygen in a radiofrequency field. The effective temperature produced by this device is approximately 150 °C. Such samples were unsatisfactory for emission spectroscopic analysis. It is postulated that the presence of largely unaltered mineral matter, such as carbonates, sulfides, and hemihydrated sulfates (12), caused the observed nonreproducibility of results. High-temperature ash samples, prepared in a muffle furnace, consisted mainly... 

Protection Agency (EPA) (4). Several techniques were used to analyze 101 coals, mostly from Illinois, for 23 trace elements. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) was used to determine several of the elements. 

Properties of the naphthas produced from the syncrudes in the above tests are shown in Table V. Dinaphthenes are found in the 300-350°F naphtha and, surprisingly, in the 250-300°F naphtha. High levels of these compounds can make coal-derived naphthas difficult to reform. ( 9) A combination gas chromato-graphic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis of the 250-300°F naphtha from hydrotreated Illinois H-Coal found that the dinaphthenes are 8-carbon atom compounds (1.8% octahydropenta-lene) and 9-carbon atom compounds (0.7% bicyclo 3.3.1 nonane, 0.4% methyloctahydropentalene, 1.0% octahydroindenes, and 2.6% unidentified compounds) These dinaphthenes should not yield naphthalene when reformed. If the initial point of the jet fuel is 300°F or less, the 300°F " naphtha should be easy to reform. 

Sulfur is a reactive oxidizing agent. Hence, some precautions need to be observed in its removal from coal and in its quantitative measurement. Recent contributions have discussed several different methods for its quantitative analysis (4-9). The results for two coal samples, one a pristine sample of Illinois No. 6 coal, APCSP-3, and the other an exposed sample of Illinois No. 6 coal, IBCSP-1, are summarized in Table III. 

The results for exposed samples of Illinois No. 6 coal indicate that 0.11 0.06 wt% elemental sulfur is present. All the methods except the bacteriological method, which appears to underestimate the sulfur content, provide reasonably consistent results. While not highly precise, the four physicochemical methods provide accurate information, and suggest that 1 to 5% of total sulfur in the exposed coals from this Basin is in the elemental form. It is pertinent to note that the spectrophotometric method of analysis that has been developed by Buchanan and Chaven does not involve gas chromatography and is especially suitable for the analysis of the concentration of small amounts of sulfur in extracts (8). 

An exergy analysis of the conceptual design of the synclude mode H-Coal process for bituminous coal of Illinois No.6 has been carried out based on the data reported by the Fluor Engineers and Constructors, Inc.,(31). The plant is designed to convert 14,448 tons (short ton) of coal per day. 

Costs based on plant processing 26,105 Mg/d (28,776 US ton/d) of Illinois No. 6 coal. Source Direct Coal Liquefaction Baseline Design and Systems Analysis, prepared by Bechtel and Amoco under DOE contract no. DE-AC22-90PC89857, March 1993. 

Table I. Analysis of Illinois No. 6 (Burning Star) coal...

The SRC s used in this study were obtained from the SRC process demonstration unit operated by Southern Services Inc. in Wilsonville, Alabama. Three SRC s were studied and these products were derived from the following coals Illinois No. 6 Burning Star, Illinois No. 6 Monterey, and Wyodak (Amax). The as-received SRC s were wet owing to a water quench and therefore each SRC was dried carefully before sampling and analysis. The vacuum resid was prepared by laboratory vacuum distillation of an atmospheric resid obtained from a commercial refinery source. The identification and source of the coal liquid samples used in this study along with other pertinent information are presented in Table I. 

Figure 6 is a TEM micrograph of a region of vitrinite in the Illinois No. 6 coal obtained at high magnification (50 K) in order to perform a more detailed analysis of the porosity associated with this maceral. Pore dimensions range from 1 to 10 nm, which classifies them as a mixture of micropores (<2 nm) and mesopores (2-50 nm). The observation of porosity in the two-dimensional image becomes more difficult as the specimen thick-... 

---