Ideation

Embedded lead users contribute many ideas to the innovation process. These ideas result from the problems they experience during use. They are mainly new functions or features that help them to overcome certain constraints or extend the boundaries of what th can do with current products (e.g. Leisure2, 5 Health4,6 SportS). They can be directly traced back to the embedded lead users need knowledge Ce.g. Health4, Sports, 8)  

Many of my informants reported that embedded lead users have more ideas for product innovation than other employees (e.g. Sportl, 7 Leisure2,5). However, this may also be related to the fact, that internal users of the product have a certain credibili and proximity to R D, whereas ordinary employees might refrain from explicating their ideas since they are not used to approach R D directly (Sport ). 

Next to ideating themselves, embedded lead users also tap external sources for ideas. First, they are in contact to other users (e.g. Leisurel, 4,7). This enables them to observe users in their natural environment and realize what problems occur with existing products (Sportl, 6 Leisurel, 5 Health2). Fellow users may also turn to them and share own knowledge which they accumulated during use. In these cases embedded lead users can serve as mediator between user and firm R D (Sportl, 2 Health2,4 Leisurel)  

The third source of ideas can be regarded as a competitive intelligence function. As they are users themselves, embedded lead users can take competitors market offerings and test them. Through this testing they develop new ideas and features, which can then be transferred into the own company (Sport Health , 3 Leisurel). 

Ideation and embedded lead users in the siding industry (Sport4) 

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Ideational/Representational meaning The image represents aspects of the world experienced, perceived or conceptuahzed by humans. Examples of such aspects include events, objects and ideas etc. 

Depression occurring as part of bipolar disorder may be severe and accompanied by ideas of guilt and hopelessness, an inability to function at work because of poor concentration and psychomotor retardation or agitation, poor judgement and suicidal ideation. The lifelong risk of suicide in people with this condition is as high as 15%. Factors associated with suicide risk include alcohol misuse, marital separation or divorce, living alone and unemployment, and these are all common secondary consequences of the illness. 

The column oven is generally a forced circulation air thermostat of sufficient size to allow comfortable installation of the longest columns normally used. In the design of a column oven it is important to ensure a uniform temperature throughout the column coil region. The temperature uniformity depends on the geometry of the oven, the Ideation of the heater and sensor, and the pattern of mixing and circulation of air. A temperature... 

Sensorium. Patients with PCP intoxication can have a clear sensorium, or they can be disoriented, confused, stuporous, lethargic, or comatose. Signs of cerebral stimulation, such as pressured speech, verbigerations, and echolalia, may also occur. Frank psychotic symptoms, including hallucinations, delusions, and paranoid ideation, are not unusual. 

Toxic Psychosis. Any patient who is not catatonic but has hallucinations, delusions, paranoid ideation, or other psychiatric manifestations is classified as having toxic psychosis. These patients are often difficult to differentiate from those with acute agitated psychosis, and about 25 percent appear manic. 

Psychiatric adverse effects occur frequently and may include irritability, depression, and rarely, suicidal ideation. Individuals with a history of uncontrolled psychiatric disorders must weigh the risk versus benefit of treatment, as interferon may exacerbate or worsen the psychiatric condition. Patients who develop mild to moderate symptoms may require antidepressants or anxiolytics. Those with severe symptoms including suicidal ideation should have the treatment discontinued immediately.43... 

Recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation, or suicide attempt... 

Educate on warning signs and prevention of suicidal and/or homicidal ideation. 

Tangentiality Abandoning one s ideational objective in pursuit of thoughts peripheral to the original goal. Used to describe a thought and speech pattern wherein the individual never gets to the point or answers the question. 

Suicidal ideation or attempts (suicide completion rates with bipolar I disorder are 10-15% suicide attempts are primarily associated with depressive episodes, mixed episodes with severe depression or presence of psychosis)... 

Recurrent thoughts of death (not just fear of dying), recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt or a specific plan for committing suicide... 

D. The symptoms are not better accounted for by bereavement (i.e., after the loss of a loved one), the symptoms persist for longer than 2 months or are characterized by marked functional impairment, morbid preoccupation with worthlessness, suicidal ideation, psychotic symptoms, or psychomotor retardation. 

Patients should be monitored for emergence of suicidal ideation after initiation of any antidepressant, especially in the first few weeks of treatment. 

Implications of the prototypic classification method are that categories within the system will possess fuzzy boundaries. Individuals within a category will be somewhat heterogeneous and may not share any common features. In our depression example, a prototypic classification scheme may yield a diagnosis of depression in one patient who shows agitation, anhedonia, and suicidal ideation and the same diagnosis in another patient who shows sadness, fatigue, worthlessness, and decreased appetite. 

The best-known measures of schizotypy are the product of longstanding research by Jean and Loren Chapman on psychosis-proneness. Inspired by Meehl s theory, they developed two measures of cognitive slippage a 34-item Perceptual Aberration Scale (PAS Chapman, Chapman, Raulin, 1978) and a 30-item Magical Ideation Scale (MIS Eckblad Chapman,... 

Eckblad, M. L., St Chapman, L. J. (1983). Magical ideation as an indicator of schizotypy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51, 215-225. 

Meyer, T. J., Keller, F. (2001). Exploring the latent structure of the Perceptual Aberration, Magical Ideation and Physical Anhedonia Scales in a German sample. Journal of Personality Disorders, 15, 521-535. 

The clinical syndrome tends to follow a sequential pattern, with somatic symptoms presenting first, perceptual and mood changes next, and, finally, psychic changes, although there is considerable overlap between these phases (Table 1). Between the range of 1 to 16 Mg/kg, the severity of psychophysiologic effects of LSD in a given subject are proportional to the dose (30). Specific types of reaction, such as paranoid ideation, are more likely a matter of personal predisposition than a function of dose. 

Remember that it is important to assess for suicidality when working with any client with a history of suicidal and parasuicidal behavior. Not only ideations should be assessed, but also plans, lethality of plans, means to carry out those plans, and proximity of means. You would surprised at how often such clients carry lethal doses of pills, razor blades, or even guns in their purses, pockets, or backpacks during such an assessment interview with intentions to use these items. (Please see the extended discussion about suicide assessment in Chapter 3.)... 

Psychoactive. Substances that have mood- or reality-altering properties. Referral. A process of sending your client to another professional for care. Schizophrenia. A debilitating class of mental disorders that involve psychosis. Suicidal ideations. Thoughts about self-harm or suicide. 

Clients with suicidal ideations should always be referred elsewhere. True or False ... 

Third, the center determines during the screening process whether the client is a threat to self or others. Suicidal behavior should be routinely assessed in a screening interview. Some care facilities do not have the resources to treat an actively suicidal client, so if the person expresses suicidal ideations and plans, then a referral may be made elsewhere. The treatment center also wants to protect clients and staff from someone who is extremely aggressive and hostile and may represent a threat to the safety of people in the unit. In some cases, treatment facilities may refer such people elsewhere if the threat cannot be adequately contained within that facility. 

Ostling S, Borjesson-Hanson A, Skoog I (2007) Psychotic symptoms and paranoid ideation in a population-based sample of 95-year-olds. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 15 (12) 999-1004 Roberts RE, Kaplan GA, Shema SJ et al. (1997) Does growing old increase the risk for depression Am J Psychiatry 154 (10) 1384-1390... 

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