What is the problem

What the empirical evidence has to tell us the impact of a drug-using family member on the family 

When parents use drugs, what happens to the children What we do know is told in statistics indicating a high likelihood of neglect and abuse and poor outcomes for many, as they in turn become adults. Whilst the texture of that deprivation of a nurturing environment is missing from these various researches, they convey with some clarity the scale of the problem and are summarized below. 

Physical abuse and neglect are the most common forms of maltreatment among parents who use drugs (Chaffin, Kelleher and Hollenberg 1996 Locke and Newcomb 2003 Child Welfare Information Gateway 2004). 

The presumption that family is the best place for children is part of the same, often untested, belief that kin relations are beneficial and that kin networks are stable and willingly supportive (Cramer and McDonald 1996). These expectations do not just operate on the social plane they are embedded deep in the framework of social welfare systems everywhere too (Kelley 1993). However, the addition of one or, often, more children to the household can have a major impact on its functioning. Family strain, conflict and instability can all be part of the equation where another family member assumes the care of children (Caliandro and Hughes 1998 Cramer and McDonald 1996). It might cause problems of overcrowding and resentment as already resident children are forced to live in cramped 

The transmission of drug problems across and between generations 

A chemical reaction involves the rearrangement of atoms from one structure or configuration to another, normally accompanied by an energy change. Let s consider some simple examples. 

Eventually, of course, we run out of experiments that can be performed in the kitchen. Consider two more reactions  

These reactions illustrate many of the problems addressed by chemical thermodynamics. You may have used ice in your drinks for years without realizing that there was a problem, but it is actually a profound and very difficult one. It can be stated this way What controls the changes (reactions) that we observe taking place in substances Why do they occur And why can some reactions go in the forward and backward directions (i.e., ice- -water or water-ice) while others can only go in one direction (i.e., raw egg- -fried egg) Scientists puzzled over these questions during most of the nineteenth century before the answers became clear. Having the answers is important they furnish the ability to control the power of chemical reactions for human uses, and thus form one of the cornerstones of modern science. 

The question we address now is that of the possible role of single electron transfer in substitution reactions that, unlike SrnI reactions, are not catalysed by electron injection. The problem is twofold. One side of it consists in answering the questions do bond breaking and bond formation belong to two different and successive processes, i.e. (135) followedhy (136), or, more 

This conception of an 8, 2 reaction as an electron-shift process is obviously equivalent to its conception as an inner sphere electron transfer, i.e. a single electron transfer concerted with the breaking of the R—X bond and the formation of the R—Nu bond. Faced with an experimental system, however, the first question—ET or 8 2 —still remains, whatever intimate description of the 8, 2 reaction one may consider most appropriate. If this is thought of in terms of inner sphere electron transfer, the question thus raised is part of the more general problem of distinguishing outer sphere from inner sphere electron-transfer processes (Lexa et ai, 1981), an actively investigated question in other areas of chemistry, particularly that of coordination complex chemistry (Taube, 1970 Espenson, 1986). 

2 SUBSTITUTION VERSUS SINGLE OUTER SPHERE DISSOCIATIVE ELECTRON TRANSFER 

Three main sources of information are available for solving the ET versus 8 2 problem, namely, comparative kinetic studies, stereochemistry and cyclizable radical-probe experiments. 

Among comparative kinetic studies, the kinetic advantage method has been used systematically in several cases. It has been developed for the first time for investigating the ET versus 8 2 problem in the reaction of iron(i) and cobalt(ii) porphyrins with primary butyl halides (Lexa et al., 1981), yielding the corresponding a-butyl-iron(iii) and cobalt(iii) complexes according to the overall reaction (142). 

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Clearly, no pronounced clustering of the compounds according to MOA can be discerned. What is the problem. Is the chosen structure representation not appropriate for this specific problem ... 

What Is the Problem with Macro-Micro Thinking in School Chemistry ... 

Separation scientists speak of a general elution problem when asked to develop a universal separation method using chromatography. What is the problem (Hint you may need to consult works by Snyder or Heftmann in the library.)... 

Read the entire CHEMLAB. It is important to know exactly what you are going to do during all chemistry experiments so you can use your laboratory time efficiently and safely. What is the problem that this experiment is going to explore ... 

Barnard, M.A. and McKeganey, N.P. (2004) The impact of parental problem drug use on children what is the problem and what can be done to help Addiction 99, 552-559. 

Such improvements are often conceived in terms of problem-solving. Thus Neil Postman recommends that the question What is the problem to which this is the solution be asked of any new piece of technology (discussed in Graham, 1999, p4). The fact that he did not find a satisfactory answer to this question... 

What is the problem whith Okubo s diffusion diagram ... 

The pump shown in Fig. 25.8 is an illustration of an installation in Port Arthur, Texas. The difficulty with this pump was that it would lose its prime after being shut down for just a few moments. What is the problem ... 

Potassium metal crystallizes in a body-centered cubic structure. Draw one unit cell, and try to draw an electron-dot structure for bonding of the central K atom to its nearest-neighbor K atoms. What is the problem ... 

As a complement to question 1, plot the binding data of thiomuscimol in Michaelis-Menten (response versus [L]) format. Try to create a Lineweaver-Burk plot (1/response versus 1/[L]) and perform a linear regression on the data. What is the problem you encounter while making this graph Do your best to graph the data. From the best-fit line of the Lineweaver-Burk plot, determine Kt) and Enva. How well does Ku in this graph match the Ku you determined in... 

What is the problem with unambiguously defining the charge on an atom in a molecule ... 

What is the problem with this patient What do the rash and neurologic symptoms mean Why were porphyrins and porphobilinogen determined Why is serum bicarbonate high What is the meaning of amino acid and indole derivative excretion How would you treat this patient ... 

Adams WH (1990) Perturbation theory of intermolecular interactions what is the problem, are there solutions Int J Quantum Chem Sym 24 531-547... 

There is one very large hazard waiting to get you. The danger is that you calculate 100 completed questionnaires are needed, post out 500 and get 110 returned. You have got back more than enough, so what is the problem ... 

What is the problem of using metronidazole suspension when the gastric content is acid suppressed ... 

Dezii CM. Medication noncompliance what is the problem Manage. Care 2000 9 (suppL) S7-S12. 

What is the problem with using methanol as a solvent in the TLC analysis of amphetamines ... 

A bubble-jet printer produces output that is acceptable. But after an ink cartridge replacement, the ink smears and generally looks heavier than normal. What is the problem ... 

Woods, D. R., et al., What Is the Problem in Teaching Problem Solving in Teaching Elementary Problem Solving in Engineering and Related Fields, J. L. Lubkin, ed., ASEE Publications, Washington, D.C., 1980. 

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