Ideal innovation concept

The ideal innovation concept is borrowed from the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ), which calls this perfect state the ideal final result. As a ratio, the value quotient approaches infinity, or a state where all benefits of a solution are achieved at zero cost and zero harm. In TRIZ terminology, this is called working backward from perfect, which forces the innovator to break through his or her psychological inertia into new, less limiting domains of thinking. 

The second class of innovative concepts is liqnid metal-cooled fast-spectrum reactors ( fast-spectrum refers to the energy of the neutrons in the reactor core). In a typical reactor, a moderator (usually water, which pulls double-duty as both neutron moderator and reactor coolant) is nsed to slow down neutrons because slower neutrons are more efficient at causing fission in U-235. In a fast-spectrum reactor, there is no moderator. Instead, it relies on higher energy neutrons, which are less effective at causing uranium to fission but are more effective at causing fission in plutonium and other heavy elements. For this reason, these reactors are not ideal for a uranium-based fuel cycle but they are quite suitable for use with a fuel cycle based on plutonium and the other heavy... 

Answers to the first question can be illustrated by giving some examples (see Table 1). Eastman Chemical reengineered its innovation process and doubled the value of its R D portfoho (71—74). A team at Eastman was asked to provide (/) an assessment of the then-current innovation process, (2) a vision of the ideal process, (J) a flow chart of the modified process, (4) measures of the process, and (5) key roles and responsibihties. The team identified four main subprocesses needs identification, concept development, implementation, and market development. 

Electrolytes pose a special problem in chemical thermodynamics because of their tendency to dissociate in water into ionic species. It proves to be less cumbersome at times to describe an electrolyte solution in thermodynamic-like terms if dissociation into ions is explicitly taken into account. The properties of ionic species in an aqueous solution cannot be thermodynamic properties because ionic species are strictly molecular concepts. Therefore the introduction of ionic components into the description of a solution is an etfrathermodynamic innovation that must be treated with care to avoid errors and inconsistencies in formal manipulations.20 By convention, the Standard State of an ionic solute is that of the solute at unit molality in a solution (at a designated temperature and pressure) in which no interionic forces are operative. This convention implies that an electrolyte solution in its Standard State is an ideal solution,21 as mentioned in Section 1.2. 

The definition of your baseline depends very much on your innovation needs. When redesigning an existing product or process, if no specific alternatives have been defined, the status quo makes an ideal candidate. If you are investigating multiple different ideas or solutions, consider a middle-of-the-road example as a baseline. This will allow you to objectively compare all the options under consideration. In our hair salon example, we will consider the human hair-washing method as our baseline concept. 

Dilute solutions were treated in the mean-field fiumework by Flory (Krig-baum and Flory 1952, Flory 1953). The concept is that although the individual polymer molecules are widely separated fi-om each other in dilute solution and exclude other polymer molecules fi-om the space pervaded by the molecule (the excluded volume principle) within the space the average chain unit concentration is uniform and the previously determined relations can be applied with little modification. The major innovation for dilute solutions is the introduction of dilution parameters. The first term on the right-hand side of equation (5.2.8) is identical to the expression obtained for an ideal solution. Consequently the second term on the right-hand side is identified as an excess contribution. Using the relation of equation (5.2.7) we can write down the excess chemical potential as... 

Demand in the lead market, however, is sophisticated enough to already take pairt in the development process and can give feedback for improving and refining a product. Traditionally, test markets are often selected because of their isolated situations in order to avoid interference with non-resident customers. Hong Kong and formerly Western Berlin are such ideal test markets. Isolation, however, supports idiosyncratic demand. Dense inter-regional communication, which facilitates worldwide diffusion of innovations and the influx of outside market information, is one of the features of the lead market. The traditional criteria of test market selection should therefore not be applied to lead markets. On the contrary, a lead market concept can be a powerful method to select test markets. 

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