ICAO Initiatives

In its briefing, ICAO emphasized that cooperation between civil and military authorities should be aimed at achieving optimal use of the airspace resulting in increased airspace capacity, operational flexibility, and savings in flying time, fuel and C02 emissions. The Forum noted that safety, economical impact, efficiency and interoperability are objectives shared by both civil and military aviation communities. 

Air traffic management is the dynamic, integrated management of air traffic and airspace -safely, economically and efficiently - through the provision of facilities in collaboration with all parties. See ICAO Doc 9854, supra at 1. 1. 

ICAO has also issued guidelines on the coordination between military authorities and air traffic services (ATS) authorities which recognize in limine that coordination between the responsible military authorities and appropriate ATS authorities is essential to the safety of civil aircraft operations whenever activities potentially hazardous to such operations are planned and conducted by any military units.These guidelines go on to state that in the event that a sudden outbreak of armed hostilities or any other factors preclude this normal coordination process, appropriate State and ATS authorities, civil aircraft operators and pilots-in-command of aircraft must assess the situation based on the information available and plan their actions so as not to jeopardize safety. 

Paragraph 3.1.1. Examples of military activities which may pose a threat to civil aircraft and which should be coordinated with ATS authorities include practice firings or testing of any weapons arr-to air, air to surface, surface to air in an area or in a manner that could affect civil air traffic certain military aircraft operations such as air displays, training exercises and the intentional dropping of objects and paratroopers launch and recovery of space vehicles and operations in areas of conflict, when such operations include a potential threat to civil air traffic. See Paragraph 3.2. of Doc 9554. 

The objective of the co-ordination between the military authorities planning activities potentially hazardous to civil aircraft and the responsible ATS authorities is to reach agreement on the best arrangements which will avoid hazards to civil aircraft and minimize interference with the normal operations of civil aircraft. Ideally, this means the selection of locations outside promulgated ATS routes and controlled airspace for the conduct of the potentially hazardous activities. If the selection of such locations is not possible due to the nature and scope of the planned activities, temporary restrictions imposed on civil air traffic should be kept to a minimum through close co-ordination between the military units and the ATS 

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ICAO has studied alternative policies to regulate international aviation emissions. It has concluded that emissions trading with the option of buying additional credits from non-aviation sources, such as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), is the preferred policy (ICAO, 2007). ICAO has not been able to agree on steps to implement such a policy. At its September 2007 Assembly, ICAO initiated two more years of studies without agreeing to any concrete action to reduce emissions. 

Articles, Explosive, Extremely Insensitive (Articles, EEI), Articles that contain only extremely insensitive detonating substances and which demonstrate a negligible probability of accidental initiation or propagation (under normal conditions of transport). ICAO A2, lATA App. A... 

Fracturing Devices, Explosive for oil wells, without detonator Articles consisting of a charge of detonating explosive contained in a casing without means of initiation. They are used to fracture the rock around a drill shaft to assist the flow of crude oil from the rock. UN App. B, ICAO A2, US 173.59... 

Class 1 comprises (a) Explosive substances (a substance which is not itself an explosive but which can form an explosive atmosphere of gas, vapour or dust is not included in Class 1), except those that are too dangerous to transport or those where the predominant hazard is appropriate to another class (b) Explosive articles, except devices containing explosive substances in such quantity or of such a character that their inadvertent or accidental ignition or initiation during transport shall not cause any effect external to the device either by projection, fire, smoke, heat or loud noise and (c) Substances and articles not mentioned under (a) and (b) which are manufactured with a view to producing a practical, explosive or pyrotechnic effect. UN 2.1.1.1, ICAO 2-1.1.1... 

Division 1.5 Very insensitive substances which have a mass explosion hazard. This division comprises substances which have a mass explosion hazard but are so insensitive that there is very little probability of initiation or of transition from burning to detonation under normal conditions of transport. UN 2.1.1.4(e) IMO Class 1, 1.5.2 ICAO 2-1.2... 

Explosive, Extremely Insensitive Detonating Substance (EIDS) A substance which, although capable of sustaining a detonation, has demonstrated through tests that it is so insensitive that there is very little probability of accidental initiation. UN App. B, ICAO A2, US 173.59, lATA App. A... 

Explosive, primary Explosive substance manufactured with a view to producing a practical effect by explosion which is very sensitive to heat, impact or friction and which, even in very small quantities, either detonates or bums very rapidly. It is able to transmit detonation (in the case of initiating explosive) or deflagration to secondary explosives close to it. The main primary explosives are mercury fulminate, lead azide and lead styphnate. UN App. B, ICAO A2, lATA App. A... 

Explosive, secondary Explosive substance which is relatively insensitive (when compared to primary explosives), which is usually initiated by primary explosives with or without the aid of boosters or supplementary charges. Such an explosive may react as a deflagrating or as a detonating explosive. UN App. B, ICAO A2... 

The decomposition of self-reactive substances can be initiated by heat, contact with catalytic impurities (e.g. acids, heavy-metal compounds, bases), friction or impact. The rate of decomposition increases with temperature and varies with the substance. Decomposition, particularly if no ignition occurs, may result in the evolution of toxic gases or vapours. For certain self-reactive substances, the temperature must be controlled. Some self-reactive substances may decompose explosively, particularly if confined this characteristic may be modified by the addition of diluents or by the use of appropriate packagings. Some self-reactive substances bum vigorously. Self-reactive substances include some of the following types of compounds aliphatic azo compounds (-C-N=N-C-) organic azides (-C-N3) diazonium salts (-CN2 Z ) N-nitroso compounds (-N-N=0) and aromatic sulphohydrazides (-SO2-N-NH2). ICAO 2-4.1.3.2, lATA 3.4.1.2.4... 

Fuse/Fuze. Although these two words have a common origin (French fusee, fusil) and are sometimes considered to be different spellings of the same word, it is useful to maintain the convention that FUSE refers to a cord-like igniting device whereas FUZE refers to a device used in ammunition which incorporates mechanical, electrical, chemical or hydrostatic components to initiate a train by deflagration or detonation. ICAO A2, lATA App. A... 

These salts are mixed (compounded) with a fuel, usually iron powder, to form a chlorate candle, which produces oxygen by continuous reaction. The fuel is used to generate heat by oxidation. Once the reaction begins, oxygen is released from the hot salt by thermal decomposition (a thermal shield is used around the generator). A portion of the oxygen reacts with the fuel to produce more heat which produces more oxygen, and so on. Initiation of the reaction can be achieved by a percussion device, friction device or electric wire. ICAO A2... 

Liquid dangerous goods. Unless otherwise provided for in these Instructions, dangerous goods with a melting point or initial melting point of 20°C or lower at a pressure of 101.3 kPa must be considered as liquids. [Text continues.] ICAO 1-3.1... 

In 2010 ICAO commenced establishing an international register of Air Operator Certificates (AOCs) to facilitate the surveillance of foreign operators. The project will take place in two development phases. On another front, ICAO continued its close collaboration with lATA on work related to training and qualifications initiatives (ITQI). Work progressed specifically on the development of guidance... 

ICAO, in collaboration with all States other stakeholders, continue development of an integrated approach to safety initiatives based on the Global Aviation Safety Roadmap - a global framework for the coordination of safety policies and initiatives. 

ICAO should, where appropriate, initiate periodic meetings with regional civil aviation bodies and set up a panel that includes members from ICAO and each regional body on a selective basis. This panel could recommend and monitor issues of cooperation, including cooperation between the various regional organizations. 

ICAO has a security oversight programme called the Universal Security Audit Programme (UASP). The ICAO Universal Security Audit Programme (USAP), launched in June 2002, represents an important initiative in ICAO s strategy for... 

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