Hypochlorite + ethyl chloride

Chloroform can be manufactured from a number of starting materials. Methane, methyl chloride, or methylene chloride can be further chlorinated to chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride can be reduced, ie, hydrodechlorinated, to chloroform. Methane can be oxychlorinated with HCl and oxygen to form a mixture of chlorinated methanes. Many compounds containing either the acetyl (CH CO) or CH2CH(OH) group yield chloroform on reaction with chlorine and alkali or hypochlorite. Methyl chloride chlorination is now the most common commercial method of producing chloroform. Many years ago chloroform was almost exclusively produced from acetone or ethyl alcohol by reaction with chlorine and alkali. 

Secondary hydrogen kinetic isotope effects are further classified as alpha, beta, etc. depending on the distance of the isotopically substituted atom from the bond(s) that is (are) being made or broken (a = 1 bond, 3 = 2 bonds, etc.). Consider the simple Sn2 reaction between hypochlorite anion and ethyl chloride ... 

Fig. 10.6 Alternative pathways of reaction between hypochlorite anion and ethyl chloride (Villano, S. M., Kato, S. and Bierbaum, V. M., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 736 (2006))...

Calcium Hypochlorite. Ethyl dichloroarsine is easily decomposed by calcium hypochlorite, either solid or in aqueous suspension. Because of this property, chloride of lime is employed for the decontamination of objects contaminated with ethyl dichloroarsine. 

Ethylene undergoes a variety of reactions to form highly toxic and/or flammable substances. It catalytically oxidizes to ethylene oxide (highly toxic and explosive gas) reacts with chlorine and bromine to form ethylene dichloride and ethylene dibromide (toxic and carcinogens) reacts with hypochlorite to form ethylene chlorohydrin (poisonous) reacts with chlorine in the presence of FICl and light or chlorides of copper, iron, or calcium to form ethyl chloride (flammable gas, narcotic) and hydrates in the presence of H2SO4 to form diethyl ether (highly flammable). 

An Arbuzov reaction of triethyl phosphite with A-chloroamines RNHCl (R = i-Pr, cyclohexyl or PhCH2), prepared from the corresponding amines and aqueous sodium hypochlorite, leads to the phosphoramides 357 with the ehmination of ethyl chloride . ... 

Chlorthymol. See Chlorothymol Chlortoluron. See Chlorotoluron Chlortrimeton Chlortrimeton maleate. See Chloropheniramine maleate Chlorvinphos. See Dichlorvos Chloryl. See Ethyl chloride Chloryl radical. See Chlorine dioxide Chloiyte. See Calcium hypochlorite Chlorzide. See Hydrochlorothiazide Chlozolinate CAS 72391-46-9... 

Hypochlorites of sodium, calcium, and lithium, and chlorinated trisodium phosphate involve chlorine in their production. Sodium hypochlorite of about 5% strength finds extensive use in the household bleach market and in residential swimming pools, and 15% sodium hypochlorite, an industrial bleach, is used for water treatment in municipal and industrial plants. Sodium hypochlorite is made by reacting chlorine with caustic soda. Calcium hypochlorite is mainly used as a swimming pool chemical. Aluminum chloride, produced from chlorine and aluminum or alumina, is used as a catalyst (for alkyl and ethyl benzenes, dyestuffs, ethyl chloride, and hydrocarbon resin production) and also in the production of pharmaceuticals and titanium dioxide. 

Reaction of HOCl, formed from calcium hypochlorite and CO2, with highly substituted alkenes in CH2CI2 is a convenient route to aHyUc chlorides (111). Ketones are chlorinated to a-chloroketones by reaction with HOCl Acetone initially gives CH2COCH2CI (112). Methyl ethyl ketone gives 78% CH3CHCICOCH3, 15% CH3CH2COCH2CI, and 7% dichlorides (113). 

D/chloro-5-Cyclohexyl-2-Oxo-2,3-D/hydro 1 H-Benzo(fj-Diazepine-1,4 fa) Process Using Sodium Hypochlorite — 40 ml of a solution of sodium hypochlorite of 14.5 British chloro-metric degrees are added to a suspension of 5.4 grams of 7 chloro-5 cyclohexyl-2 oxo-2,3-dihydro 1 H-benzo(f)diazepine-1,4 in BO ml of methylene chloride. The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes the solid dissolves rapidly. The organic iayer is decanted, washed with water, dried over anhydrous Sodium sulfate and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure without exceeding a temperature of 30 C. The residue is taken up in a little diisopropyl ether and the crystals which form are dried. They are recrystallized as rapidly as possible from ethyl acetate. Colorless crystals are obtained (3.9 grams yield, B5%) MP < = 163°C, with decomposition. 

Carbodiimides have been prepared by desulfurization of thioureas by metal oxides, by sodium hypochlorite,4 or by ethyl chloroformate in the presence of a tertiary amine by halogena-tion of ureas or thioureas followed by dehydrohalogenation of the N,N -disubstituted carbamic chloride 8 and by dehydration of disubstituted ureas using -toluenesulfonyl chloride and pyridine.7 The method described above is a modification of that of Campbell and Verbanc. ... 

The presence of the glycosyl chloride was demonstrated by its conversion into an ethyl glycoside by ethanol in the presence of a silver salt. The hypochlorite ester formed by chlorinolysis of a methyl glycoside underwent... 

A solution is prepared from 3.3 g (8.5 mmol) of 6-benzyloxy-4-methoxymethyl-l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-p-carboline-3-carboxylic acid isopropyl ester in 150 ml of methylene chloride, combined under argon with 3.9 ml of triethylamine, and cooled to -15°C. At this temperature, a solution of 3.2 ml (25.6 mmol) of t-butyl hypochlorite in 50 ml of methylene chloride is added dropwise without delay to this solution. After the adding step is completed, the mixture is stirred for another 10 min, combined with 2.6 ml of triethylamine, and agitated for 2 hours at room temperature. Subsequently, the mixture is concentrated to one-half thereof and extracted once by shaking with dilute ammonia solution. The organic phase is dried, filtered, and concentrated. The residue is chromatographed over silica gel with methylene chloride acetone=4 l as the eluent. Recrystallization from ethyl acetate gives 1.1 g (35% yield) of 6-benzyloxy-4-methoxymethyl-p-carboline-3-carboxylic acid isopropyl ester, m.p. 150-151°C. 

TETRALONES Methylene chloride. nilADIAZlRIDINE 1,1-DIOXIDES Sodium hydride-t-Butyl hypochlorite. THIOAMIDES Thioacetamide. TRIALKYLCARBINOLS Carbon monoxide. Lithium triethylcarboxide. TRIAZOLES Ethyl azidofomate. Sodium azide. 

Ethyl caproate (n-) caprylate (n-) chloride chloroacetate chlorocarbonate cinnamate (trans-) cyanoacetate formate furoate (a) heptoate hypochlorite iodide lactate... 

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