Hypersensitivities anaphylactic reactions

Hypersensitivity reactions Serious and occasionally fatal hypersensitivity (anaphylactic) reactions have been reported in patients receiving therapy with -lactams. These reactions are more likely to occur with a history of sensitivity to multiple allergens. 

B. Allergic reactions. Numerous deaths occur annually in the United States from immediate hypersensitivity (anaphylactic) reactions characterized by urticaria, angioedema, bronchospasm, and shock. Most anaphylactic reactions occur within 15 minutes of envenomation. Rarely, delayed-onset reactions may occur, including Arthus reactions (arthralgias and fever), nephritis, transverse myelitis, and Guillain-Barre syndrome. Cross-sensitivity to tire ant venom can exist in some patients with apid or vespid allergies. 

Iron salts occasionally cause gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, headache, backache, and allergic reactions. The stools usually appear darker (black). Iron dextran is given by the parenteral route Hypersensitivity reactions, including fatal anaphylactic reactions, have been reported with the use of this form of iron. Additional adverse reactions include soreness, inflammation, and sterile abscesses at the intramuscular (IM) injection site Intravenous (IV) administration may result in phlebitis at the injection site When iron is administered via the IM route, a brownish discoloration of tlie skin may occur. Fhtients with rheumatoid arthritis may experience an acute exacerbation of joint pain, and swelling may occur when iron dextran is administered. 

Monitoring and Managing Adverse Reactions When tiie patient is receiving iron dextran, the nurse monitors closely for a hypersensitivity reaction. Epinephrine is kept on standby in tiie event of severe anaphylactic reaction. 

Van der Linden PW, Hack CE, Struyvenberg A, van der Zwan JK Insect sting challenge in 324 subjects with a previous anaphylactic reaction current criteria for insect venom hypersensitivity do not predict the occurrence and severity of anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1994 94 1512-1519. 

Anaphylactic reactions including fatal anaphylaxis other hypersensitivity reactions including dyspnea, urticaria, other rashes, and febrile episodes inflammation at or near injection site, including sterile abscesses (IM) brown skin discoloration at injection site (IM) flushing and hypotension with overly rapid IV administration ... 

Hypersensitivity reactions While taking -blockers, patients with a history of severe anaphylactic reaction to a variety of allergens may be more reactive to repeated challenge, either accidental, diagnostic, or therapeutic. Such patients may be unresponsive to the usual doses of epinephrine used to treat allergic reaction. Renal/Hepatic function impairment Rarely, use of carvedilol in patients with CHF has resulted in deterioration of renal function. Patients at risk appear to be those with low blood pressure (systolic BP less than 100 mm Hg), ischemic heart disease. 

Acute asthma Cromolyn has no role in the treatment of acute asthma, especially status asthmaticus it is a prophylactic drug with no benefit for acute situations. Hypersensitivity reactions Severe anaphylactic reactions may occur rarely. Renal/Hepatic function Impairment. Decrease the dose or discontinue the drug in these patients. 

Hypersensitivity reactions As with all biologic products, have epinephrine and other precautions available if anaphylactic reaction occurs. 

Ertapenem is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to any component of this product or to other drugs in the same class or in patients who have demonstrated anaphylactic reactions to beta-lactams. 

Hypersensitivity reactions A few patients receiving the injection have experienced anaphylactic reactions. Although the exact cause of these reactions is not known, other drugs with castor oil derivatives in the formulation have been associated with anaphylaxis in a small percentage of patients. 

Hypersensitivity reactions Anaphylactic reactions and other allergic reactions have been reported. Cutaneous allergic reactions and serious cases of allergic vasculitis, often with purpura (bruises and red patches), of the extremities and extracutaneous P.1215... 

Contraindications History of anaphylactic reaction to penicillins or hypersensitivity to cephalosporins... 

Contraindications Anaphylactic reaction to penicillins, history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporins or any one of its components. 

IgE e K or k 190 Mediates changes in vascular permeability due to allergy hypersensitivity or anaphylactic reactions Serum... 

Thiopentone administration is associated with a threefold increase in circulating histamine concentrations. Hypersensitivity reactions range from cutaneous rashes to severe or fatal anaphylactic reactions. The incidence of life-threatening reactions is 1 14000-1 20000. 

These are adverse reactions resembling the effects of histamine liberation Chistaminoid ) and unrelated to the mode of action of the drug itself. Histamine release appears to be the main factor involved in all types of hypersensitivity reactions and its release explains most of the manifestations. The term anaphylactoid may equally be used to describe these reactions, meaning simply that they resemble anaphylactic reactions, while the term anaphylactic is used specifically for immune-mediated phenomena involving previous sensitisation of the patient. It is often difficult to determine the true nature and cause of the reaction. 

The newer derivatives seem less likely to cause hypersensitivity reactions, perhaps because the protein adducts generated are shorter lived. All four types of hypersensitivity reaction have been observed with penicillin. Thus, high doses may cause hemolytic anemia and immune complex disease and cell-mediated immunity may give rise to skin rashes and eruptions, and the most common reactions are urticaria, skin eruptions, and arthralgia. Antipenicillin IgE antibodies have been detected consistently with an anaphylactic reaction. The anaphylactic reactions (type 1 see above), which occur in 0.004% to 0.015% of patients, may be life threatening. 

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