Hydroxyl apatite

Raw Material Obtained in the Following Size Containers Styrene by barge in 2,200,000 lb shipments Hydroxyl apatite in 50 lb bags Dodecylbenzene sulfonate in 5 gal cans Benzoyl peroxide in 300 lb drums Polybutadiene in 50 lb bales Hydrochloric acid in tank truck shipments... 

Bones and teeth consist of hydroxyl-apatite (Ca phosphate). Tiny amounts of fluorine improves their resistance dramatically. Fluorine compounds in toothpaste prevent cavities. 

The organic component of fish bone represents 30% of collagen, while inorganic component mainly consists of calcium phosphate and hydroxyl-apatite and it was around 60-70% (Aronove et ah, 2007 Barakat et al., 2008). 

Based on che above reaction, the calcium overbased sulfonate detergent reacts with DAP to form a metallic hydroxyl apatite (Ca5(P04>30H), which is insoluble in aqueous and oil phase. This reaction mechanism is general for Ca, Ba, Mg, and Zn additives. Lead is present in a physically different form chan additive compounds in the used oil. The lead particles present in used oil are too large in size to react with DAP, except for surface reactions. 

The proposed DAP demetallization mechanism suggest Chat water removal during the reaction favors the agglomeration of metallic hydroxyl apatites, which would facilitate the solid-liquid separation later on. 

Collagen fibres (a) and hydroxyl apatite crystals (b) together form larger units, the so-called micro-fibrils (c). It should be pointed out here that the collagen fibres are helically intertwined and consequently... 

Yasuda, I. and Hishinuma, M., Electrical conductivity and chemical stability of calcium chromate hydroxyl apatite, Cas(Cr04)30H, and problems caused by the apatite formation at the electrode/separator interface in solid oxide fuel cells, Solid State Ionics 80, 1995, 141. 

Fowler, B. O. (1974). Hydrothermal synthesis of hydroxyl apatite. Inorganic Chemistry, 13(1) 191-214. 

Smith, G. J., McFarland, R. D., Reisner, H. M., and Hudson, G. S. (1984). Lymphoblastoid cell-produced immunoglobulins Preparative purification from culture medium by hydroxyl-apatite chromatography. Anal. Biochem. 141, 432-436. 

Stanker, L. H., Vanderlaan, M., and Juarez-Salinas, H. (1985). One-step purification of mouse monoclonal antibodies from ascites fluid by hydroxyl apatite chromatography. J. Immunol. Methods 76, 157-169. 

Aus den Analysendaten folgt stets nur die Summenformel des Hydroxyl-apatits Ca5P30130H bzw. 10 CaO 3 P205 H20 sie bezeichnet ein Ver-haltnis Ca P =5 3. 

Hydroxyl apatite chromatography elution via phosphate buffer gradient. Fractions 15-18, 1 ml each. f / r 1 CnA on lonn... 

Traces of fluoride can be separated from aqueous solutions by extraction with triethylchlorsilane in m-xylene The conditions were optimized and co-precipitation (for enrichment) reactions were tested Adsorption on hydroxyl apatite was found most suitable. From acidified solutions of biological materials fluoride was selectively extracted with a solution of trimethylchlorsilane in benzeneOrganic material or blood was destroyed by heating with hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide in a closed distilling apparatus. The resulting distillates were extracted by triethylchlorsilane in tetrachloroethylene ... 

Figure 3. TEM photomicrographs of hydroxyl-apatite from rat bone. The direction of crystal elongation is [001], Magnification is 35,000x and 150,000x in the upper and lower images respectively. [Used by permission of The Rockefeller University Press, from Nylen et al. (1963) Journal of Cell Biology, Vol. 18, Figs. 15 16, p. 119.]...

Because the natural mineral component of bones and teeth is carbonate-hydroxyl-apatite, the use of synthetic apatites as bone and tooth replacement materials has been extensively investigated. The first step in the manufacture of biomedical devices requires the ability to synthesize pure and reproducible apatite powders. 

Figure 8. Cross-section of hydroxyl-apatite plasma-sprayed coating exhib-iting small crystalline islands. The vertical bar represents 20...

The authors are grateful for the fracture surfaces of sintered hydroxyl apatite and various forms of sintered hydroxylapatite supplied by Mr. V. Gross, Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation, Australia. We thank David Williams and Serena Best for their careful reviews of this chapter. 

Cheng K, Shen G, Weng WJ, Han GR, Ferreira JMF, Yang J (2001) Synthesis of hydroxyl-apatite/fluorapatite solid solution by a sol-gel method. Mater Lett 51 37-41 Chemg AM, Chow LC, Takagi S (2001) In vitro evaluation of a calcium phosphate cement root canal filler/sealer. J Endodontics 27 613-615... 

Liu DM, Chou HM, Wu JD, Tung MS (1994) Hydroxyl apatite coating via amorphous calcium phosphate. Mater Chem Phys 37 39-44... 

UV at 248 and 278 nm, and sets of narrow bands centered at about 488 and 615 nm (Mitchell et al. 1997) yielding a brick-red emission color. Natural samples of hydroxyl-apatite and fluorapatite show similar CL bands (Gaft et al. 1999). Time-resolved emission spectra (Fig. 19) show well defined Pr emission in natural magmatic apatite at 485 and 607 nm (Gaft et al. 1999). Studies using polarized emission measurements on this sample were interpreted as representative of only Cal site occupation by Pr (Reisfeld et al. 1996). In contrast, a sedimentary apatite annealed in air showed a different Pr spectrum, with a set of bands centered at about 630 nm (Fig. 19). This spectrum was interpreted to be due to Pr in Ca2 (Reisfeld et al. 1996). Pr appears to be an efficient sensitizer for Sm, as many of its transition energies are almost identical to Sm, and in general Pr probably is more important as a sensitizer of other REE than for its own emission (Mitchell et al. 1997). 

Alkyl-Polymer, Hydrophobic Hydroxyl apatite Complexes, Salting out... 

Bukovsky, J., and Kennet, R. (1987). Simple and Rapid Purification of Monoclonal Antibodies from Cell Culture Supernatants and Ascites Fluids by Hydroxyl Apatite Chromatography on Analytical and Preparative Scales, Hybridoma 6 219-228. 

Figure 4, Fractionation of hydroxyl apatite pool on PBE 94 ehromatofocusing column. ( ) protein (mg), ( — ) y-BBH activity (pmol/min) and (—) the pH.

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