Hydroxyapatite, bioceramic applications

Kannan, S., Michel, J., Eaure, J. and Rajeswari, S. (2007) Electrochemical stmcmral characterisation of zirconia reinforced hydroxyapatite bioceramic sol-gel coatings on surgical grade 316L SS for biomedical application. Ceramics International, 33, 505-14. 

Inoue, O., Shimabukura, H., Shingaki, Y., and Ibaraki, K., Our application of high porosity hydroxyapatite cubes for the treatment of non-cystic benign tumors. Bioceramics 5,411-418 (1992). 

Cook, S.D. (1991) In vivo evaluation of hydroxyapatite coatings for orthopaedic and dental applications, in Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Bioceramics in Medicine (ed. S.F. Hulbert), Moore-Langen, Terre Haute, IN. 

Bioceramics. Ceramics used in biomedical applications. The chief applications are as dental ceramics (q.v.) and prostheses (q.v.). Alumina and synthetic apatite or hydroxyapatite are the most frequently used for prostheses, which must be compatible with body fluids. 

One field of application with a large potential is that of bioceramic coatings based on hydroxyapatite and second-generation bioceramics. Such biocompatible coatings for bone implants have promising apphcations to solve some of the health problems of an aging population (Hench, 1991 Heimann, 2007 Heimann 2008 see also Chapter 10). 

Bioceramic materials have developed into a very powerful driver of advanced ceramics research and development. For many years bioceramics, both bioinert materials such as alumina, zirconia and, to a limited extent titania (Lindgren et al., 2009), and bioconductive materials such as hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate and calcium phosphate cements, have been used successfully in dinical practice. In addition, applications continue to emerge that use biomaterials for medical devices. An excellent account of the wide range of bioceramics available today has recently been produced by Kokubo (2008), in which issues of the significance of the structure, mechanical properties and biological interaction of biomaterials are discussed, and their clinical applications in joint replacement, bone grafts, tissue engineering, and dentistry are reviewed. The type and consequences of cellular responses to a variety of today s biomaterials have been detailed in recent books (Di Silvio, 2008 Basu et al., 2009 Planell et al., 2009). 

There are many applications for calcium phosphate bioceramics can be seen in Fig. 7. The form of calcium phosphate used in orthopedic clinical applications is usually based on hydroxyapatite and )8-tricalcium phosphate. The materials are widely used in composite formulations together with ... 

The growing demand for utilizing bioactive materials for orthopedic applications as well as in maxillofacial surgery, the use of bioceramics such as hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) as porous scaffolds has increased, primarily because of their biocompatibility, bioactivity, and osteoconduction characteristics with respect to bone tissue. For tissue regeneration in medicine, three-dimensional scaffolds with specific characteristics are required. A very important property is a high, interconnecting porosity to enable tissue ingrowth into the scaffold [1]. 

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