Hydroxide requirements

In a 1 htre round-bottomed flask, provided with an air condenser, place a mixture of 25 g. (26 ml.) of pure dimethylanihne, 10 g. of Michler s ketone (4 4 tetramethyldiaminobenzophenone) and 10 g. (6 ml.) of phosphorus oxychloride. Heat on a boding water bath for 5 hours. Add about 150 ml. of water and sufificient sodium hydroxide solution to render the solution alkaline. Calculate the quantity of sodium hydroxide required upon the basis of the hydrolysis product derived from the phosphorus oxychloride ... 

Naphthenic acid is a collective name for organic acids present in some but not all crude oils. In addition to true naphthenic acids (naphthenic carboxylic acids represented by the formula X-COOH in which X is a cycloparaffin radical), the total acidity of a crude may include various amounts of other organic acids and sometimes mineral acids. Thus the total neutralization number of a stock, which is a measure of its total acidity, includes (but does not necessaiily represent) the level of naphthenic acids present. The neutralization number is the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize one gram of stock as determined by titration using phenolphthalein as an indicator, or as determined by potentiometric titration. It may be as high as 10 mg KOH/gr. for some crudes. The neutralization number does not usually become important as a corrosion factor, however, unless it is at least 0.5 mg KOH/gm. 

The formation of l-methyl-5-aminonaphthalene when dihydro-lysergic acid is fused with potassium hydroxide requires rings (A) and (Cb The presence of an indole nueleus (rings (A) and (B) ) is established by the formation of 3 4-dimethylindole, m.p. 115-7°, pierate, m.p. 185-7°, by decarboxylation of an indole acid obtained when dihydrolysergic acid is fused with potassium hydroxide. ... 

The above sterilized medium was inoculated with 11 liters of seed inoculum having a bacterial count of approximately 20 billion per cc. The tank was fermented at 37°C without pH adjustment, aeration, or other modification for 14 hours at the end of which time 320 cc of 50% dextrose was added. After this the pH was adjusted to 7.0 at 15 minute intervals with 5.0 N sodium hydroxide. The volume of sodium hydroxide required for neutralization was noted and 115% of this volume of 50% dextrose solution added after each pH adjustment. At the end of about 8 hours the bacterial count had ceased to increase and the fermentation was terminated. At this time the fermentation medium contained approximately 1,000 units of streptokinase per cc. 

What is the volume of1.222 M sodium hydroxide required to react with... 

Volumes of 0.2M sodium hydroxide required will normally be in the range from about 15 mL to 30 mL depending upon the nature of the organic acid being determined. 

At the stoichiometric point, the amount of base added exactly matches the amount of acid originally present. Stoichiometric point mol OH added = mol acidic hydrogen present if we know the molarity of the titrant and measure the volume of titrant required to reach the stoichiometric point, we can calculate the number of moles of hydroxide required to react with all the acid. This allows us to determine the concentration of the unknown acid solution. 

Quantities of Sodium Hydroxide Required for Different Quantities of Lime to Obtain a pH of 8.5... 

In latex testing an expression for the ammonium salt content of the latex, it is the number of grams of potassium hydroxide required to decompose the ammonium salts present in 100 g of latex solids. 

Answer strategy. (1) First, we calculate the amount n of hydroxide required to neutralize the acid. (2) We equate this amount n with the amount of acid neutralized by the alkali. (3) Knowing the amount of acid, we finally calculate its concentration. 

Procedure Weigh and powder 20 tablets. Accurately weigh a quantity of the powder equivalent to about 0.5 g of aspirin, add 30.0 ml of 0.5 N sodium hydroxide boil gently for 10 minutes and titrate with 0.5 N hydrochloric acid using phenol red solution as an indicator. Repeat the operation without the substance being examined, the difference between the titrations represents the amount of 0.5 N sodium hydroxide required by the aspirin. Each ml of 0.5 N sodium hydroxide is equivalent to 0.04504 g of... 

Standardization of 0.1 M Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide To 10 ml of dimethylformamide add 0.05 ml of a 0.3 % w/v solution of thymol blue in methanol and titrate with the tetrabutylammonium hydroxide solution until a pure blue colour is produced. Immediately add 0.2 g of benzoic acid, stir to effect solution and titrate with the tetrabutylammonium hydroxide solution until the pure blue colour is restored. Protect the solution from atmospheric C02 throughout the titration. The volume of titrant used in the second titration represents the amount of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide required. Each ml of 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium hydroxide Vs is equivalent to 12.21 mg of C7Hg02. 

The range of values for this enzyme corresponds to 0.0 to 1.5 ml. A//20 sodium hydroxide required to neutralize the fat acids released by 1 ml. of serum under controlled conditions.18 Since 0.05 ml. of AV20 sodium hydroxide solution should be easily detectable, this corresponds to at least a 30-fold range and is in line with the large range in the blood lipids which is known to be inter-individual (p. 58). Because of lack of interest in the question, apparently no investigation has been made regarding the constancy or lack of constancy of the lipases in the blood of specific individuals. 

The calculation of molar quantities is based on an acid number of 166 for N-grade wood rosin as obtained from Hercules Powder Company, Wilmington, Delaware. Acid number is the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize 1 g. of sample. 

The method employed in these studies for determining acid number is described by Snell and Biffin (4). The acid number is defined as milligrams of alkali calculated as potassium hydroxide, required to neutralize the free acids in 1 gram of oil. ... 

G. F. Schonbein, as previously indicated, found that when iodine water is mixed with potassium hydroxide, the analogy of the product with soln. of the hypo-bromites and hypochlorites shows that potassium hypoiodite is in all probability formed by a reversible reaction, 2KOH +I2 KI +KOI+H20, and that, when in equilibrium, the addition of potassium iodide will reverse the reaction, forming free iodine and potassium hydroxide. Hence, (i) the amount of potassium hydroxide required to complete the reaction must be greater than is indicated by the equation, as was found to be the case by R. L. Taylor and (ii) the failure of many to obtain evidence of bleaching soln. of hypoiodite when soln. of iodine in potassium iodide are employed. If a large excess of potassium iodide is present, this will prevent... 

The carboxylic acid group usually is attached to a naphthenic ring rather than an aromatic ring. These organic acids generally are known by the rather loose term naphthenic acids. These acids may be neutralized with common bases. For instance, the acid number of a crude oil is the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the... 

Less attention has been paid to the reaction of cellulose with rubidium hydroxide and with cesium hydroxide. Heuser and Bartunek101 isolated adducts of rubidium hydroxide and of cesium hydroxide that had the general formula MOH 3 C Hi0Ot. Their studies showed that the concentration, in weight percent, of alkali metal hydroxide required for forming a stable adduct of the lowest alkali content increases with increase in the atomic weight of the metal Li < Na < K < Rb < Cs. However, on a molar basis, this relationship does not hold. No simple relationship exists between the size of cation and the concentration of hydroxide necessary for the formation of a stable adduct. 

Like the hydroxides of the Rare earth, scandium hydroxide, Sc(OH)3, is precipitated by addition of alkalies to solutions of scandium salts however, the latter is precipitated at pH 4.9, while the former require pH 6.3 or more, a property which is utilized in one method of separation. Upon heating the hydroxide (or certain oxyatid salts), scandium oxide. Sc>C>3 is produced. Scandium hydroxide is less acidic than aluminum hydroxide, requiring boiling KOH solution to form the complex potassium compound, K2[Sc(OH)5 H 0] 3H 0. 

Saponification Number—the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to hydrolyze one gram of sample of an ester (glyceride, fat) or mixture. This testis also described in the Food Chemicals Codex."... 

The preparation of the acid salt with sodium hydroxide requires twice the volume of acid as that used in the preparation of the normal salt. Therefore, if 25 cm3 of dilute sulfuric acid were required to form the normal salt from a given volume of alkali of a particular concentration then 50 cm3 of the same acid solution would be required to produce the acid salt, sodium hydrogensulfate, from the same volume of alkali. 

The amount of calcium hydroxide required can be calculated at a given gas mass flow, sulfur dioxide concentration and calcium/sulfur ratio ... 

The addition of very small amounts of fine carbon fibers73 or polyacrylonitrile fibers74 can reduce the level of inorganic hydroxide required to achieve UL94 V-0 flammability ratings in polyolefin compounds. These secondary additives are thought to function as char promoters. 

The units are correct. Lithium hydroxide has a molar mass that is about half of carbon dioxide s molar mass, but there are twice as many moles of lithium hydroxide. Therefore it makes sense that the mass of lithium hydroxide required is about the same as the mass of carbon dioxide produced. 

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