Hydrotreating production

Catalytic Cracking of a Wilmington Vacuum Gas Oil and Selected Hydrotreated Products... 

Feedstock Characterization. The feedstocks studied in this effort were a Wilmington vacuum gas oil and two hydrotreated products of this gas oil. The specific samples considered were sample No. 1693, an untreated Wilmington vacuum gas oil, a low severity hydrotreated product from sample No. 1693 (sample No. WM-2-2R, hydrotreated at 375° C, 1.5 LHSV, and 1500 psig), and a high severity hydrotreated product (sample No. WM-2-9, hydrotreated at 425° C, 0.5 LHSV, 1500 psig). The available physical properties for each of these feedstocks are given in Table I. 

Table II. - Distribution of polar nitrogen compounds in the Wilmington vacuum gas oil (1693) and its hydrotreated products (WM-2-2R and WM-2-9)...

Table VII. - Liquid product analysis from cracking of low severity hydrotreated product (Sample No. WM-2-2R)...

FRACTION BOILING RANGE, F VOL. % SULFUR WT. % HYDROTREATED PRODUCT s.% SULFUR REMOVAL. %... 

Both hydrogen addition and carbon rejection processes will be necessary in any realistic scheme of heavy oil upgrading (Suchanek and Moore, 1986). Most coker products require hydrogenation and most hydrotreated products require some degree of fractionation. For example, to maximize yields of transport fuels from Maya crude, efficient carbon rejection followed by hydrogenation may be necessary. There are various other approaches to the processing of other heavy oil residua (Bakshi and Lutz, 1987 Johnson et al., 1985). As of now, it is not known which combination of processes best converts a heavy feedstock into salable products. 

Refinery Furnace Fuel and Hydrogen Plant Feed Supplied by Internally Generated Hydrotreated Products... 

Burning SRC-II oil versus hydrotreated products in refinery furnaces. 

COMPARISON OP SEVERELY HYDROTREATED PRODUCTS FROM ILLINOIS H-COAL, WYODAK H-COAL,... 

In summary, specification No. ID fuel can be made from the 250°F+ hydrotreated products from all three syncrudes. The 300°F+ hydrotreated product could be used as cold climate specification No. 2D fuel. Also, the 300°F+ hydrotreated product almost meets the specification of typical climate No. 2D fuel. 

The stability of the products from coal-derived syncrudes must be examined carefully. Many unique compounds are present in these syncrudes peri-condensed aromatics and naphthenes, oxygen compounds, and asphaltene-like hydrocabons. Traces of these compounds may remain in the hydrotreated product and their effect on jet, thermal, and oxidation stabilities cannot be predicted from the behavior of petroleum products. 

Based on the results, the stability of these hydrotreated products does not appear to be a problem. Other properties (smoke point, cetane number, and viscosity) appear to be important properties to consider when the refining severity is selected. 

A numerical search routine was applied to determine the value of K and A E. Figure 4 compares the theoretical curve with the experimental data and represents a satisfactory curve fit. The total sulfur content and SRC sulfur content for hydrotreated product were plotted (Figure 5), and a linear relationship was shown to exist between them. 

The proposed NSPS can be met by hydrotreating the coal liquids obtained by filtering the product from the coal dissolution stage. The desulfurization kinetics can be presented by two parallel first-order rate expression, and hydrogen consumption kinetics can be presented by a first-order rate expression. A linear relationship exists between total sulfur content and SRC sulfur content of the hydrotreated product. For the Western Kentucky bituminous 9/14 coal studied here, the maximum selectivity and lowest SRC conversion to oil for a fixed SRC sulfur content are obtained using the highest reaction temperature (435°C) and the shortest reaction time 7 min.). ... 

The relative dimension of the three systems are shown in Figure IV. Combustion test data has been collected on a large number of raw and hydrotreated product samples from the SRC-I, SRC-II, Exxon Donor Solvent, H-Coal, and other processes under development. Figure V is a plot of N0X level versus turbine inlet temperature for these fuels. The actual levels of N0X are related to the actual piece of equipment utilized for the test series but the relative rankings are consistent among the various types of equipment. 

The occurrence of competitive adsorption may complicate matters, and the conclusions stated previously may no longer pertain. A compound that is intrinsically more reactive than another may react more slowly than the other when both are present in a mixture because of stronger adsorption of the other compound. Such inhibition effects may be caused not only by the reacting molecules but also by the hydrotreating products, such as intermediates and end products including H2S and NH3. 

Hydrotreated shale oil has an advantage as a refinery feed. In contrast to most petroleum crude oils, it contains essentially no residuum. Properties of the hydrotreated product from whole shale oil are similar to those of distillate fractions from waxy petroleum Arabian or Sumatran crudes. An exception is the sulfur content which is much lower for hydrotreated shale oil than for most crudes. 

In order to process SRC in the pilot plant equipment without using an extraneous solvent, a portion of the hydrotreated product was recycled to the feed reservoir as diluent. Recycle was essentially internal, and SRC and hydrogen were the only net feeds to the system. Pulverized SRC was added to the hot reservoir at a ratio of two parts SRC to three parts recycled product (combined feed ratio = 2.5). Vigorous stirring ensured that no undissolved solids were taken into the feed pump system. 

A plot of the molecular size distribution for vanadium in the asphaltenes of a Hondo res id and its hydrotreated product is shown in Figure 1. Also shown is the molecular size distribution of the product vanadium as calculated by the model using the molecular size distribution of the feed vanadium. The experimental product distribution indicates a shift or reduction in the molecular sizes of the larger molecules and large removal of... 

Figure 4. Molecular weight distribution of asphaltenes in hydrotreated products for different catalysts (Note Low elution volumes indicate higher molecular sizes).

The feedstocks (straight-mn naphtha (SRN) and a blend of SRN and hydrocracked naphtha) and hydrotreated products were analysed by ASTM methods for density, carbon, hydrogen, hydrocarbon and boiling point distribution. Total sulfur was determined by ASTM D-4045 method, mercaptan sulfur by the potentiometric method (ASTM D-3227 and UOP-212), disulfides by the UOP-202 method, polysulfides by polarography [1], and elemental sulfur by the UOP-286 method. The Perkin-Elmer gas chromatograph (Model 8700), equipped with a flame photometric detector (GC/FPD) and a DB-1 fused silica capillary column (30 m x 0.53 mm), was used for identification of individual sulfur compounds [2-6]. The sensitivity of the GC/FPD technique was maximized by optimizing the gas flow rates and temperature programming as presented elsewhere [1]. 

SCFB). Chemical analysis of the various hydrotreated products indicate that the level of aromatic saturation,... 

Figure 2. T.B.P. distillation comparison of pilot plant and refinery whole hydrotreated product...

---