Hydrothermal oils

The method by whieh erude oils are expelled from souree kerogen also influences oil group eomposition. In the case of hydrothermal oils or hydrothermal bitumens, hot water ean enhanee the content of lighter aliphatie and aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes). Typieal hydrothermal oils have a... 

Didyk B.M., Simoneit B.R.T. (1989) Hydrothermal oil of Guaymas Basin and implications for petroleum formation mechanisms. Nature 342, 65-9. 

Direct Uses of Geopressured Fluids. Many of the uses typical of hydrothermal energy, such as greenhouse, fish farm, and space heating, have been proposed for geopressured resources, but none has been commercially developed (34). Hydrothermal fluids are widely used in enhanced oil recovery, however, to increase production from depleted oil fields. 

Preparation of Mono-Dispersed MFI-type Zeolite Nanoerystals via Hydrothermal Synthesis in a Water/Surfactant/Oil Solution... 

The analysis of geochemical liquids such as crude oils, hydrothermal bitumens, extracts of coals, and host rocks containing dispersed organic matter or pyrolysates... 

The open-column technique is commonly applied in the case of crude oils (being the least complex geochemical organic mixtures). MPLC, high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), and PTLC are more often applied to more complex samples, especially those dominated by more polar compounds, such as hydrothermal bitumens or samples showing terrestrial organic matter input, such as extracts or pyroly-sates of coals of various ranks. 

Heavy fuel oil Primary bioliquids (pyrolysis oil, hydrothermal liquefaction oil)... 

Pyrolysis oil (bio-oil) is produced in fast and flash pyrolysis processes and can be used for indirect co-firing for power production in conventional power plants and potentially as a high energy density intermediate for the final production of chemicals and/or transportation fuels. Gas chromatographic analysis of the liqtrid fraction of pyrolysis products from beech wood is given in Table 3.6 (Demirbas, 2007). Biocmde resrrlts from severe hydrothermal upgrading (HTU) of relatively wet biomass and potentially can be used for the production of materials, chemicals,... 

Fig. 12. Salient features of the GC-MS data for a hydrothermal petroleum (Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, Mexico) (a) TIC trace of total oil, (b) mjz 191 key ion for hopanes, and ctmjz 217 key ion for steranes. Numbers refer to carbon chain (/ -alkanes) or skeleton, UCM = unresolved complex mixture, Pr = pristane, Ph = phytane, asterisks = other isoprenoids, ot, ot, R, S = configurations of biomarkers.

Macdonald, D.D., Greidanus, J.W., Hyne, J.B., Hydrothermal (Water) Reactions of Athabasca Bitumen Organosulphur Model Compounds and Asphaltene , The Oil Sands of Canada-Venezuela 1977, CIM Special Volume 17. 

The catalysts with metals are previously impregnated with solutions of vanadyl and nickel naphtenates based on the Mitchell method [4], Before hydrothermal deactivation the samples were calcined in air at 600°C. The activity was performed in the conventional MAT test using 5 grams of catalyst, ratio cat/oil 5, stripping time 35 seconds, and reaction temperature 515°C. Elemental analyses to determine the total amount of carbon in the spent catalysts were done by the combustion method using a LECO analyzer. 

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