Petroleum formation

B. P. Tisot and D. H. Welte, Petroleum Formation and Occurrence, Springer-Vedag, New York, 1978, Chapt. 3. 

The appHcation that has led to increased interest in carbon dioxide pipeline transport is enhanced oil recovery (see Petroleum). Carbon dioxide flooding is used to Hberate oil remaining in nearly depleted petroleum formations and transfer it to the gathering system. An early carbon dioxide pipeline carried by-product CO2 96 km from a chemical plant in Louisiana to a field in Arkansas, and two other pipelines have shipped CO2 from Colorado to western Texas since the 1980s. EeasibiHty depends on cmde oil prices. 

Tissot, B., and Welte, D. (1984). Petroleum Formation and Occurrence, 2nd ed. Berlin, Germany Springer-Verlag. 

Solubilizing activity are also used in enhanced oil recovery. Tar and extremely viscous hydrocarbons are recovered by the injection of an aqueous solution of an anionic orthophosphate ester surfactant into a petroleum formation, retaining the surfactant in the formation for about 24 h, and displacing the solubilized hydrocarbons toward a recovery well. The surfactant forms an oil microemulsion with the hydrocarbons in the formation. An anionic monoorthophosphate ester surfactant which is a free acid of an organic phosphate ester was dissolved in water. The input of surfactant solution was 2-25% of the pore volume of the formation [250]. To produce a concentrate for the manufacture... 

Clay minerals, inevitably present in a petroleum formation, are sensitive to the type and concentration of ions contained in the well fluid filtrate lost to the reservoir. This sensitivity is demonstrated by a reduction in the permeability caused by the well fluid filtrate flowing through the core under investigation. 

Tissot, B. Welte, D. "Petroleum Formation and Occurrence , Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1978, pp. 123-147. 

Tissot BP, Welte DH (1984) Petroleum formation and occurrence. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 699 pp... 

Generation, transport, and deposition of petroleum Formation of secondary porosity in oil reservoir formations Origin of hfe. 

Cooper, J. E., and E. E. Bray, A Postulated Role of Fatty Acids in Petroleum Formation, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 27, 1113-1127 (1963). 

Petroleum is a carbon-based resource. Therefore, the geochemical carbon cycle is also of interest to fossil fuel usage in terms of petroleum formation, use, and the buildup of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Thus, the more efficient use of petroleum is of paramount importance. Petroleum technology, in one form or another, is with us until suitable alternative forms of energy are readily available (Boyle, 1996 Ramage, 1997). 

Tissot, B. P., Welte, D. H. Petroleum formation and occurence, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo, Springer 1978... 

Tissot, B.P. Welte. D.H. Petroleum Formation and Occurrence Springer-Verlag Heidelberg, 1984. 

Waples D.W. (1980) Time and temperature in petroleum formation Application of Lopatin s method to petroleum exploration. AAPG Bull. 64, 916-926. 

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