Hydroquinone hydrogen cyanide

THE HYDROQUINONE METHANOL AND HYDROQUINONE HYDROGEN CYANIDE CLATHRATE COMPOUNDS... 

Hydrogen cyanide Calcium cyanide Potassium cyanide Sodium cyanide Hydrogen fluoride as F Hydrogen peroxide Hydrogen selenide as Se Hydrogen sulphide Hydroquinone... 

Hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen fluoride Hydrogen sulphide Hydroquinone... 

Note Inhibited with 35-45 ppm hydroquinone monomethyl ether to prevent polymerization during storage and transport (Acros Organics, 2002). Commercial grades may contain the following impurities acetone and acetonitrile (300-500 ppm), acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde (300-500 ppm), acrolein, methanol, isopropanol and hydrogen cyanide (300-500 ppm) (NICNAS, 2000)... 

Acrylonitrile of 99.5-99.7% purity is available commercially, with the following specifications (ppm by weight, maximum) acidity (as acetic acid), 10 acetone, 75 acetonitrile, 300 acrolein, 1 hydrogen cyanide, 5 total iron, 0.1 oxazole, 10 peroxides (as hydrogen peroxide), 0.2 water, 0.5% and nonvolatile matter, 100. Hydroquinone monomethyl ether (MEHQ) is added as an inhibitor at concentrations of 35-45 mg/kg (ppm) (Cytec Industries, 1994, 1997). Trade names for acrylonitrile include Acritet, Acrylon, Carbacryl, Fumigrain and Ventox. 

Other chemicals present in acrylonitrile production or in other non-acrylonitrile operations on sites of the companies in the epidemiological study by Blair et al. (1998) include acetylene, hydrogen cyanide, propylene, ammonia, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, lactonitrile, hydroquinone, sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, acrylamide, acetone cyanohydrin, melamine, methyl methaciydate, zweto-methylstyrene, urea, methacrylonitrile, butadiene, ammonium hydroxide and ammonium sulfate (Zey et al., 1989, 1990a,b Zey McCammon, 1990). 

Co-product and by-product AS production depends on the process that is used to make the primary product - as shown in Table 12.3. Small amounts of AS may also be recovered in other processes such as acrylonitrile, acrylamide, formic acid, hydrogen cyanide, hydroquinone and p-aminophenol, and from the neutralization of sulfuric acid used to make clays and catalysts for catalytic cracking242. 

Introduction. Quinones of high oxidation potential are powerful oxidants which perform a large number of useful reactions under relatively mild conditions. Within this class, DDQ represents one of the more versatile reagents since it combines high oxidant ability with relative stabUity (see also Chloranil). Reactions with DDQ may be carried out in inert solvents such as benzene, toluene, dioxane, THF, or AcOH, but dioxane and hydrocarbon solvents are often preferred because of the low solubility of the hydroquinone byproduct. Since DDQ decomposes with the formation of hydrogen cyanide in the presence of water, most reactions with this reagent should be carried out under anhydrous conditions. ... 

Dimethylamine Dimethyl formamide Dimethylolpropionic acid 2,2-Dimethylpropanol Diphenylamine Ethylene chlorohydrin Hydrogen cyanide Hydroquinone monomethyl ether Isoquinoline Methyl isocyanate Nonanoic acid Phenolsulfonic acid Phosphorus oxychloride Pyrrole Quinaldine Sodium nitrate Stannic chloride Strontium salicylate Thioglycolic acid o-Xylene 2,3-Xylenol 2,3-Xylidine pharmaceutical mfg., orals Candelilla (Euphorbia cerifera) wax Cholecalciferol Ergocalciferol pharmaceutical mfg., parenterals Cholecalciferol Ergocalciferol pharmaceutical processing Chlorotrifluoromethane pharmaceutical prods. 

Figure 4 shows the transition temperature of the hydroquinone clathrate compound plotted against the square of the dipole moment of the guest molecule. The data on the hydrogen sulphide, methanol and hydrogen cyanide compounds are those of the heat capacity anomalies. The transition temperature of the acetonitrile compound, if it exists, lies above the room temperature. One finds a good proportionality between the transition temperature and the square of the dipole moment. 

Hydrofluoric acid Hydrofluoric acid, 75% Hydrofluoric boric acid Hydrogen bromide, gaseous Hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen peroxide, S 20% Hydrogen peroxide, s 30% Hydroquinone Hypochlorite (K-)... 

Conn and Seki have reported that mitochondrial preparations from higher plants catalyze the oxidation of phenylpyruvic acid to benz-aldchyde, CO2 and other products, with the consumption of one molecule of oxygen per molecule of substrate (159a). The reaction is heat labile, and is inhibited by catalase as well as by cyanide and by catechol and hydroquinone, but all attempts to demonstrate hydrogen peroxide in the reaction mixture during the course of the reaction have been unsuccessful. A mixture of horse-radish peroxidase and manganous chloride also catalyzes the reaction. 

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