Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance solubilization

Cleaning solution formulations may include one or more deposit removers, plus an appropriate corrosion inhibitor (to protect exposed metal). An antifoam and often a wetting agent [e.g., an alkylarylpoly-ethoxy alcohol with a 12-15 hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) to improve detergency and solubilization] may also be added. 

In the process of realizing product quality factors by changing product formulation, the relevant performance indices have to be determined. The determination process in turn requires experience and technical expertise. For detergent products the performance indices need to be considered include (1) optimum hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, HLB0p (2) critical micelle concentration, CMC (3) soil solubilization capacity, S (4) Krafft point,... 

Bourrel M, Chambu C (1983) The Rules for Achieving High Solubilization of Brine and OU by AmphiphUic Molecules. Soc Petrol Eng J 23 327-338 Kunieda H, Shinoda K (1985) Evaluation of the hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) of nonionic surfactants I. Multisurfactant systems. J Colloid Interface Sci 107 107-121 Kahlweit M, Strey R, Eirman P (1986) Search for tricritical points in ternary systems Water-oil-nonionic amphiphile. J Phys Chem 90 671... 

The hydrophilicity of nonionic surfactants can be characterized numerically as their hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB). An HLB value of 3-6 indicates that the compound is a likely W/O emulsifier 7-9, a wetting agent 8-13, an O/W emulsifier 13-15, a detergent and 15-18, a solubilizer (of oil or other nonpolar compounds) in water. The HLB values of some common compounds are presented in Table 34.12.170 An HLB value of 8.0 is shown in Table 34.12 for lecithin, but manufacturers are able to supply modified lecithins with values of2-12. 

Tween 80 (also known as At-Plus 109 and Polysorbate 80) is a polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate and was obtained from Atlas Chemical Industries, Inc. This nonionic surfactant has an HLB (hydrophile-lipophile balance) of 15.0 and is used as an emulsifier, solubilizer, and dispersant. It was used without further purification at the 0.1% (w/v) level in partitioning and greenhouse herbicidal evaluations as described below. 

Surfactants were one excipient family which required reevaluation in HFAs. Surfactants are used in MDIs for several reasons seal lubrication, emulsification, dispersion, solubilization, and as a preservative. Surfactants used in GFG formulations such as lecithin, sorbitan trioleate, soya lecithin, and oleic acid are highly soluble in GFG propellants (particularly GFG 11), however in HFA propellants, the solubility of these surfactants is relatively poor. Several authors point out that surfactant polarity, indicated by their respective hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) correlates with the incompatibility of the aforementioned surfactants... 

The hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) has been used to characterize surfactants. This number indicates relatively the tendency to solubilize in oil or water and thus the tendency to form water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsions. Low HLB numbers are assigned to surfactants that tend to be more soluble in oil and to form water-in-oil emulsions. When the formation salinity is low, a low HLB surfactant should be selected. Such a surfactant can make middle-phase... 

It is also noteworthy that micelle-forming surfactants may solubilize organic compounds sometimes in a very low concentration of the surfactant (still above the CMC). This embedding depends on the charge of surfactant and the charge of reactant. Only hydrophobic reactants may permeate into the hydrophobic core. Important for good solubilization properties is the hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) of the surfactant because sufficient water-solubility is required [12] (cf. Sec-... 

Water-insoluble aryl iodides can be hydroxycarbonylated directly using solubilized media, such as canonical microemulsions or Shinoda s swollen micelles. Microemulsions formed by cationic and anionic surfactants can be used for both liquid and solid aryl iodides, giving high yields of benzoic acids in the presence of palladium salts in phosphine-less mode and inorganic bases. Though the microemulsions always contain aliphatic alcohols used to adjust the hydrophile-lipophile balance of the surfactant system, the formation of esters was never observed [109]. 

To meet these requirements a detergent should have the typical surfactant molecular stracture with an appropriate hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB). Almost any oil-soluble compound that is capable of forming a colloidal solution in a dry cleaning solvent is potentially a dry cleaning detergent. It requires that the detergent form water-in-oil micelles in solution and the micelles can solubilize water-soluble soils. 

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