Hydrolysis test

Finding (Blue Grass) EH-2. Results from the energetics hydrolysis test program have shown that hydrolysis rates are consistent with the proposed throughput rates necessary to meet the current disposal destruction schedule for the Blue Grass stockpile. 

Attend a review of the energetics hydrolysis testing planned for Holston Army Ammunition Plant. Tour facility and observe operations. Holston is a major site for hydrolysis testing of many different types of energetic materials. 

Attend a working review meeting on energetics hydrolysis testing at Holston and the results of this testing... 

Hydrolysis Test for Nitrocelluloses. The following hydrolysis test was developed and is used at Picatinny Arsenal... 

Most studies of biocatalysis in ionic liquids have been concerned with the use of isolated enzymes. It should not be overlooked, however, that the first report on biocatalysis and ionic liquids involved a whole-cell preparation Rhodococcus R312 in a biphasic [BMIm][PF(s]-water system [7]. It was shown, using a nitrile hydrolysis test reaction, that the microorganism maintained its activity better in ionic liquid than in a biphasic toluene-water system. 

Metz(Ref 3) compared Brunswig s Test method with other quantitative stability tests(such as Mayrhofer, Mayrhofer-Will, Hansen and the 85° 110° Hydrolysis Tests) and with qualitative tests(such as Abel the 134.5° Heat Tests). Brunswig s method is indicated to be applicable only to extremely stable powders. For example, if a powd is of moderate stability and just passes other quantitative tests, it might not pass Brunswig s Test. On the other hand, if a powd passes Btunswig s Test it usually passes other quantitative tests but may not pass qualitative tests, such as Abel s, Zinc-Iodide-Starch Test others... 

A series of hydrolysis tests led to the idea to keep the cellulose in solution until the total hydrolysis is performed. In doing so, we observed that short cellulose chains also remain in solution in diluted TFA. Thus a method was developed in which cellulose is dissolved in 100% TFA at boiling temperature (73°C). Thereupon the solution is diluted with water (without precipitating the cellulose), boiled, and diluted again. 

The moisture pickup and hydrolysis tests were carried out at room temperature and 80 R.H. to simulate storage. The results are shown in the following table. 

Regarding the spatial aspects of the enzymatic degradation of CA-g-PLLA, a surface characterization [30] was carried out for melt-molded films by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and attenuated total-reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) before and after the hydrolysis test with proteinase K. As exemplified in Fig. 3 for a copolymer of MS = 22, the AFM study showed that hydrolysis for a few weeks caused a transformation of the original smooth surface of the test specimen (Fig. 3a) into a more undulated surface with a number of protuberances of 50-300 nm in height and less than a few micrometers in width (Fig. 3b). The ATR-FTIR measurements proved a selective release of lactyl units in the surface region of the hydrolyzed films, and the absorption intensity data monitored as a function of time was explicable in accordance with the AFM result. 

The process diagram (Figure 2) shows the details of the hydrolysis test apparatus. The four major components of the test apparatus are i) hydrolysis reactor ii) furnace iii) steam generator iu) receiver containing sodium hydroxide buffer solution for capturing HBr generated from the reactor. 

To summarize, the hydrolysis tests show that without load the degradation in phosphoric acid solution is comparable to that in water (Fig. 1). Clearly, the influence of acid is larger if the specimen is loaded (Fig. 3, acid decreases the mean TTF by a factor 10 to 1.25 compared to water for nominal stresses below 6 MPa). This, in combination with the fact that the physical influence of water and phosphoric acid solution is the same (Fig. 3 at 6 and 7 MPa), proves that the environmental stress cracking in phosphoric acid solution has a strong chemical nature. 

Hydrolysis Tests at 50°C/80%.Relative Humidity. One gram of sample was weighed into an open vial measuring 1" diam. x 2 1/4" high and placed on a bed of glass beads just immersed in saturated KC1 solution to a level of 1 inch in a 1 pint Mason jar. 

Compounds j4 and 5, two of the experimental processing stabilizers listed in Figure 2, remained essentially unchanged when exposed neat to an air atmosphere of 80% relative humidity at room temperature for 50 days. This is in contrast to some of the commercial compounds such as 1 1, and 3 which hydrolyze rapidly under the same conditions (Table V). Hydrolysis tests at 50°C/80% relative humidity show that compounds 4 to 9 inclusive are much more resistant to hydrolysis than 3 (Table VI). Of particular interest in this respect is the dramatic increase in hydrolytic stability of compounds 6 and 9 all of which have tertiary amino functions in their phosphite structures capable of preferentially neutralizing... 

Non-biodegradable substances are assessed for bioaccumulation potential. This may be done by measuring the n-octanol/water partition coefficient (Pow)- The pKa and a preliminary hydrolysis test are also required as part of the evaluation of bioaccumulation potential. If log P <3, the substance can be considered unlikely to bioaccumulate. A non-readily-biodegradable substance with a log P >3 is tested for bioaccumulation in carp. Alternatively, bioaccumulation can be assessed by analogy with chemically similar compounds which have already been tested. 

Substrate Studies. (1) Effect of Heat Treatment of the Native Cellulose (Not Milled). In order to ascertain the effect of heat treatment of Solka Floe under an oxidizing atmosphere without any reduction in particle size of the substrate, a series of hydrolysis tests was conducted in test tubes using SF heated to various temperatures. Fifty grams of... 

For the fiee lipase hydrolysis tests, the substrate was prepared by mixing 30-70 mL of the selected oil with 70-30 mL of gum Arabic solution (7% w/v) containing free CRL (Table 2) and fixing the fioe lipase loading values (1 mL, 5 mg mL ). 

The hydrolysis tests were performed at 50 °C in a rotary shaker at 200 rpm, and samples were taken regularly for sugar analysis. In all hydrolysis experiments including the SSF, enzymes consisted of a mixture of Celluclast 1.5 1 and Novozyml88 (both provided by Novozymes A/S, Bagsvaerd Denmark) in a volume ratio of 3 1. 

Fig. 6.44 Kinetics of hydrogen generation by NaBH4 hydrolysis. Test equipment hydrogen generator designed at 0.8 L H2 min. Fuel composition NaBH4/Na0H/H20 = 158.5/76.5 (mass). Test conditions 0.10 MPa, 295 K.

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