Hydrocarbon A compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen

Hydrocarbon A compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen. 

A hydrocarbon is a compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen. Its empirical formula can be determined by using the combustion train shown in Figure 2.3. In this device, a known mass of the hydrocarbon is burned completely in oxygen. 

Many compounds are made of only carbon and hydrogen. A compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms is called a hydrocarbon. The simplest hydrocarbon is methane, the primary component of natural gas. If you have a gas stove or gas furnace in your home, methane usually is the fuel that is burned in these appliances. Methane consists of a single carbon atom covalently bonded to four hydrogen atoms. The formula for methane is CH. Figure 2 shows a model of the methane molecule and its structural formula. In a structural formula, the line between one atom and another atom represents a pair of electrons shared between the two atoms. This pair forms a single bond. Methane contains four single bonds. 

A hydrocarbon is a compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen. An alkane is a saturated hydrocarbon and... 

HYDROCARBONS are compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen. A subdivision of hydrocarbons is the ALKANES. The carbon atoms in alkanes have no multiple bonds and form only chains, not cycles. 

We have already remarked that ethane is a member of a family of compounds called the saturated hydrocarbons. This term identifies compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen in which all bonds to carbon are single bonds formed with hydrogen or other carbon atoms. They occur in chains, branched chains, and cyclic structures. 

Benzene, ethane, and ethylene are just three of a large number of hydrocarbons—compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen. Show how the following data are consistent with the law of multiple proportions. 

Although coal combustion produces substantially greater air pollution problems than does oil or natural gas combustion, because of its great abundance in the United States and other countries (such as Russia), there has been renewed interest in developing technology to burn coal more cleanly. However, all fossil fuels consist mainly of hydrocarbons (compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen), which, upon complete combustion, yield carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas. 

Organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbon molecules may be divided into the classes of cyclic and open-chain depending on whether they contain a ring of carbon atoms. Open-chain molecules may be divided into branched or straight-chain categories. 

We ll begin the chapter with a brief survey of various kinds of hydrocarbons— compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen—introduce some functional groups, then return to hydrocarbons to discuss alkanes in some detail. The names of alkanes may seem strange at first, but they form the foundation for the most widely accepted system of organic nomenclature. The fundamentals of this nomenclature system, the lUPAC rules, constitute one of the main topics of this chapter. 

Methane, ethane, and propane are hydrocarbons, compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen. Fossil fuels that we burn to heat our homes, cook our food, and power our cars, are primarily hydrocarbons. For example, natural gas is a mixture of hydrocarbons with from one to four carbons, and gasoline contains hydrocarbon molecules with from six to twelve carbons. Like the hydrocarbons described above, many of the important compounds in nature contain a backbone of carbon-carbon bonds. These compounds are called organic compounds, and the study of carbon-based compounds is called organic chemistry. 

Hydrocarbons (compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen) are nonpolar. The favorable ion-dipole and dipole-dipole interactions responsible for the solubility of ionic and polar compounds do not occur for nonpolar compounds, so these compounds tend not to dissolve in water. The interactions between nonpolar molecules and water molecules are weaker than dipolar interactions. The permanent dipole of the water molecule can induce a temporary dipole in the nonpolar molecule by distorting the spatial arrangements of the electrons in its bonds. Electrostatic attraction is possible between the induced dipole of the nonpolar molecule and the permanent dipole of the water molecule (a dipole-induced dipole interaction), but it is not as strong as that between permanent dipoles. Hence, its consequent lowering of energy is less than that produced by the attraction of the water molecules for one another. The association of nonpolar molecules with water is far less likely to occur than the association of water molecules with themselves. 

The alkane, alkene, alkyne, and aromatic families are members of a larger grouping referred to as hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen. The alkenes, alkynes, and aromatics are unsaturated hydrocarbons since they contain carbon-carbon multiple bonds. The alkanes are referred to as saturated hydrocarbons since they do not contain carbon-carbon multiple bonds, only carbon-carbon single bonds. 

Organic compound. that contain only carbon and hydrogen arc hydrocarbons, which differ from one another by the number of carbon and hydrogen atoms they contain. The simplest hydrocarbon is methane. Cl I4, with only one carbon per molecule. Methane is the main component of natural gas. The hydrocarbon octane, CgH, , has c t carbons per molecule and is a component of gasoline. The hydrocarbon polyethylene contains hundreds of carbon and hydrogen atoms per molecule. Polyethylene is a plastic used to make many items, including milk containers and plastic b s. 

Combustion reactions are rapid reactions that produce a flame. Most combustion reactions we observe involve O2 from air as a reactant. Equation 3.5 illustrates a general class of reactions involving the burning, or combustion, of hydrocarbons (compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen, such as CH4 and C2H4). (Section 2.9)... 

Hydrocarbons, compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms, represent a large class of compounds that contain two different types of... 

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