Hybrid electrodes carbon nanotube based

Lu, L., et al., Highly stable air working bimorph actuator based on a graphene nanosheet/carbon nanotube hybrid electrode. Advanced Materials, 2012. 24(31) p. 4317-4321. 

Cai, H., Xu, Y, He, P.-G., and Fang, Y.-Z. (2003). Indicator free DNA hybridization detection by impedance measurement based on the DNA-doped conducting polymer film formed on the carbon nanotube modified electrode. Electroanalysis, 15, pp. 1864-1870. 

A performant reagentless ECL system for H2O2 detection based on electrop-olymerized luminol on pre-treated screen-printed electrodes was developed [64]. An ECL biosensor based on carboxylic acid-functionaUzed multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CCX)H-F-MWNT) and Au nanoparticles [65] and immobilization in sol-gel hybrid material was fabricated for sensing the efficiency of ethanol. The intensity of ECL increased linearly with ethanol concentration from 2.5 x 10 5.0 X 10 M and detection limit was 1.0 x 10 M [66]. 

C. (2007) Electrochemical detection of DNA hybridization based in thon polypyrrole/ss-DNA/multi-wall carbon nanotubes paste electrode. Talanta, 72 (3), 1030-1035. 

Finally, nanocomposites incorporating electrogenerated PPy have known a growing interest in the last decade, especially those based on carbon nanotubes (CNT). Indeed CNT-PPy hybrids exhibit very high capacitance that makes them promising materials for supercapacitors. Several methods can be envisaged for the obtention of CNT-PPy hybrids electropolymerization on a CNT-array-modified electrode, coelectrodeposition from mixtures of surfactant stabilized aqueous CNT dispersion with the monomer or from mixtures in an ionic liquid layer on the electrode, and alternatively direct electrodeposition of PPy on CNT in a cavity microelectrode. ... 

Kosidlo U, et al (2013) Nanocarbon based ionic actuators-a review. Smart Mater Struct 22 104022 Li J, et al (2011) Superfest-response and ultrahigh-power-density electromechanical actuators based on hierarchal carbon nanotube electrodes and chitosan. Nano Lett 11 4636-4641 Lima MD, et al (2012) Electrically, chemically, and photonically powered torsional and tensile actuation of hybrid carbon nanotube yam muscles. Science 338 928-932 Liu Q, et al (2014) Nanostructured carbon materials based electrothermal air pump actuators. Nanoscale 6 6932-6938... 

Gas sensor applications of hybrids based on MN4-MC and CNTs have also been described. Liang et al. [55] demonstrated the fabrication and application of 2,9,16,23-tetrakis(2,2,3,3-tetralluoropropoxy) metal(II) phthalocyanines functionalized carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs/TFPMPc, M=Co, Zn, Cu, Pb, Pd, and Ni) for NH3 detection. The self-assembly method based on the jt-jt interactions was used to modify the CNTs, subsequendy deposited on gold interdigitated electrodes by drop-dry technique (Fig. 8a). 

Another important electroanalytieal application of modified electrodes is DNA detection [34-40]. Zhang et al. [39] produced an electrochemical DNA sensor based on silver nanoparticles/poly(trans-3-(3-pyridyl) aciylic acid) (PPAA)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes with carboxyl groups (MWCNTs-COOH) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The polymer film was electropolymerized onto MWCNTs-COOH modified electrode by cyclic voltammetry, and then silver nanoparticles were electrodeposited on the surface of PPAA/MWCNTs-COOH composite film. The novel electrochemical detection method of DNA hybridization-based modified electrode has been developed with high sensitivity and selectivity. Furthermore the results of the experiment indicated that the DNA sensor is of excellent reusability. 

Wang J, Kawde AN, Jan MR (2004) Carbon-nanotube-modified electrodes for amplified enzyme-based electrical detection of DNA hybridization. Biosens Bioelectron 20 995-1000... 

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