Electrical detection, use

Lee JH, Yoon KH, Hwang KS, Park J, Ahn S, Kim TS (2004) Isabel free novel electrical detection using micromachined PZT monohthic thin film cantilever for the detection of C-reactive protein. Biosens Bioelectron 20 269-275 Lee Y, Lim G, Moon W (2006) A self-excited micro cantilever biosensor actuated by PZT using the mass micro balancing technique. Sens Actuators A 130-131 105-110... 

Mattauch-Herzog geometry, which simultaneously focuses all resolved masses onto one plane, allowing the integrating properties of an ion-sensitive emulsion to be used as the detector. Although electrical detection with an electron multiplier can be applied, the ion-sensitive emulsion-coated glass photographic plate is the most common method of detection and will be described in this article. 

BS EN 45544 Electrical apparatus used for the detection and direct concentration measurement to toxic gases. General requirements and test methods Various... 

Apparatus. Use the apparatus of Section 14.7. The generator anode is of pure silver foil (3 cm x 3 cm) the cathode in the isolated compartment is a platinum foil (3 cm x 3 cm) bent into a half-cylinder. For the potentiometric end point detection, use a short length of silver wire as the indicator electrode the electrical connection to the saturated calomel reference electrode is made by means of an agar-potassium nitrate bridge. 

Another electrical measurement useful in detecting flocculation in aniso-metric particles is the response of dielectric constant to shear. The alignment along streamlines of flow which results from laminar shear in a viscometer decreases the dielectric constant of the system if the dipole moment lies along the long axis of the particle. Another way in which this phenomenon can be meas-... 

High sensitivity is featured by the electrical methods used to detect EEPs. These are based on measuring small currents that occur in the course of selective ionization of EEPs, or currents of secondary emission of electrons or ions knocked by EEPs out of the surface of solid targets (if such emission is taking place). 

Park S.-J., Taton T.A., Mirkin C.A., Array-based electrical detection of DNA using nanoparticle probes, Science 2002 295 1503-1506. 

MWNTs favored the detection of insecticide from 1.5 to 80 nM with a detection limit of InM at an inhibition of 10% (Fig. 2.7). Bucur et al. [58] employed two kinds of AChE, wild type Drosophila melanogaster and a mutant E69W, for the pesticide detection using flow injection analysis. Mutant AChE showed lower detection limit (1 X 10-7 M) than the wild type (1 X 10 6 M) for omethoate. An amperometric FIA biosensor was reported by immobilizing OPH on aminopropyl control pore glass beads [27], The amperometric response of the biosensor was linear up to 120 and 140 pM for paraoxon and methyl-parathion, respectively, with a detection limit of 20 nM (for both the pesticides). Neufeld et al. [59] reported a sensitive, rapid, small, and inexpensive amperometric microflow injection electrochemical biosensor for the identification and quantification of dimethyl 2,2 -dichlorovinyl phosphate (DDVP) on the spot. The electrochemical cell was made up of a screen-printed electrode covered with an enzymatic membrane and combined with a flow cell and computer-controlled potentiostat. Potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) was used as mediator to generate very sharp, rapid, and reproducible electric signals. Other reports on pesticide biosensors could be found in review [17],... 

Y. Ishige, M. Shimoda, and M. Kamahori, Immobilization of DNA probes onto gold surface and its application to fully electric detection of DNA hybridization using field-effect transistor sensor. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45, 3776-3783 (2006). 

Hahm, J.-i. Lieber, C. M. 2004. Direct ultrasensitive electrical detection of DNA and DNA sequence variations using nanowire nanosensors. Nano Lett. 4 51-54. 

In soil analysis, HPLC is used much like GC in that soil is extracted and the extract, after suitable cleanup and concentration, is analyzed. One major difference between them is that HPLC does not require the components to be in the gaseous phase. They must, however, be soluble in an eluent that is compatible with the column and detector being used. A second difference is that both a syringe and an injector are used to move the sample into the eluent and onto the column. Detection is commonly by UV absorption, although RI, conductivity, and mass spectrometry are also commonly used. Conductivity or other electrical detection methods are used when analysis of ionic species in soil is carried out [3,78],... 

Chapter 12, Explosive Vapor Detection Using Microcantilever Sensors, is representative of a general class of sensors Surface Effect Microsensors that use the change in some mechanical or electrical property of an ultra-small structure to sense and identify a wide variety of molecules. 

Myers, R. L., and W. L. Fite, Electrical Detection of Airborne Particulates Using Surface Ionization Techniques, Environ. Sci. Technol., 9, 334-336 (1975). 

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