Hybrid composite polymer

X.-B. Yu, C. Wei, and F.-A. Zhang. Studies on the mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer/unsaturated polyester/glass fiber in situ hybrid composites. Polym. Adv. Tech., 17 534-539, 2006. 

Jang JS, Moon SI, Impact and behavior of carbon fibre/ultra-high modulus polyethylene fibre hybrid composites, Polymer Composites, 16(4), 325-329, 1995. 

H. Anuar, S.H. Ahmad, R. Rasid, and N.S. Nik Daud, Tensile md impact properties of thermoplastic natural rubber reinforced short glass fiber and empty fruit bunch hybrid composites. Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng. 45, 1059-1063 (2006). 

H.D. Rozman, G.S. Tay, R.N. Kumar, A. Abusamah, H. Ismail, and Z.A.M. Ishak, The effect of oil extraction of the oil palm empty fruit bunch on the mechanical properties of polypropylene-oil palm empty fruit bunch-glass fibre hybrid composites. Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng. 40, 103-115 (2001). 

Lim JS, Noda I, hn SS (2007) Effect of hydrogen bonding on the crystallization behavior of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)/silica hybrid composites. Polymer 48 (9) 2745-2754... 

Sequeira S, Evtuguin D, Portugal 1 (2009) Preparation and properties of cellulose / silica hybrid composites. Polymer composites 30 1275-1282. 

S. Pisharath and S.C. Wong, Processability of LCP-nylon-glass hybrid composites. Polymer Composites, 24, 109-118 (2003). 

J. Jang, C. Lee (1998) Performance improvement of GF/CF functionally gradient hybrid composite, Polym. Test. 17, 383. 

Wen and Wilkes [12] enlisted the names and types of most of the polymers employed for the preparation of hybrid composites using sol-gel technique. In the field of mbber, wide-scale research... 

FIGURE 3.8 Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) pictures of acrylic mbber (ACM)-silica hybrid composites (a) synthesized from 50 wt% tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and (b) synthesized from 10 parts of precipitated silica. (From Bandyopadhyay, A., Bhowmick, A.K., and De Sarkar, M., J. Appl Polym. Sci., 93, 2579, 2004. Courtesy of Wiley InterScience.)... 

FIGURE 3.12 Morphology of mbber-silica hybrid composites synthesized from solution process using different solvents (a) and (b) are the scanning electron microscopic (SEM) pictures of acrylic rubber (ACM)-silica hybrid composites prepared from THF (T) and ethyl acetate (EAc) (E) and (c) and (d) are the transmission electron microscopic (TEM) pictures of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR)-siUca hybrid composites synthesized from THF and chloroform (CH). (From Bandyopadhyay, A., De Sarkar, M., and Bhowmick, A.K., J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 95, 1418, 2005 and Bandyopadhyay, A., De Sarkar, M., and Bhowmick, A.K., J. Mater. Sci., 40, 53, 2005. Courtesy of Wiley InterScience and Springer, respectively.)... 

The engines of the Polimotor and Ford projects are in hybrid composites of phenolic resins/glass fibres and epoxy/glass fibres with combustion chambers, cylinders and pistons in metal. This permits the direct contact with hot combustion gases that the polymer could not support. The composite provides the rigidity of the engine. 

Huynh WU Dittmer JJ Teclemariam N Milliron DJ Altvisatos AP Barnham KWJ, Charge transport in hybrid nanorod-polymer composite photovoltaic cells, Rhys. Rev. B, 2003, 67, 115326. 

Okada, A., Kawasumi, M., Usuki, A., Kojima, Y., Kurauchi, T., and Kamigaito, O., Synthesis and properties of Nylon-6/clay hybrids, in "Polymer Based Molecular Composites, MRS Symposium Proceedings" (D. W. Schaefer, and J. E. Mark Eds.), Vol. 171, pp. 45-50. Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, PA (1990). 

So far, utilization of as-prepared clay-CNTs hybrid in polymer composites exhibits good properties, especially mechanical properties. However, the versatile structure of this hybrid synthesized by different processing conditions lead to different composites properties. So the effect of fabrication method and process parameters on final properties of polymer composites should be investigated more systematically. For example, the density and length (or diameter) of CNTs on clay platelets may affect the properties of hybrid. It is interesting to enhance the connection between clay and CNTs in order to obtain higher mechanical properties for the hybrid filler and composites. 

Two case studies are presented in which polymer nanotube composites are proposed as replacements for conventional materials. We evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of using them as smart materials for strain gauges thus, exploiting their electrical properties, and as structural materials for aircraft panels bringing into play their mechanical properties. Our analysis shows that as new strain gauge materials, polymer nanotube composites offer many advantages. As a possible replacement for aluminum in an aircraft panel, it is found that a hybrid composite of (Epoxy 33% carbon fabric + 30% carbon fibers + 3% CVD-MWNT) is an attractive candidate. 

Carbon nanotubes can be used in reinforcing polymer matrix composites in two ways a) as the sole reinforcing phase (CNTRP), or b) as an additional reinforcing phase in conjunction with carbon fibers (CF+CNT) in a hybrid composite. Carbon nanotubes reinforced plastics (CNTRP) can be prepared by several methods, as described in section 15.1.3. Both CFRP and CNTRP composite structures can be joined using structural adhesives but machining and drilling are difficult as a result of the widely different properties of their constituents. 

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